Intrapersonal data communication systems

ABSTRACT

Intrapersonal communication systems and methods that provide an optical digital signal link between two or more local devices are disclosed. In some embodiments, the system includes a first signal converter disposed at a first end of the optical digital signal link and configured to convert between electrical digital signals from a first local device and optical digital signals from the optical digital signal link. The system can include an optical connector having a non-contact portion configured to couple optical digital signals between the first signal converter and the optical digital signal link across a gap. The system can include a second signal converter disposed at a second end of the optical digital signal link and configured to convert between electrical digital signals from the second local device and optical digital signals from the optical digital signal link.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/674,895, filed Nov. 12, 2012, entitled “Intrapersonal DataCommunication System” (Atty. Docket N2IS.008A), which claims the benefitof priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/596,889, filed Feb. 9, 2012, entitled “IntrapersonalData Communication Systems and Methods” (Atty. Docket N2IS.008PR), U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/677,589, filed Jul. 31, 2012,entitled “Intrapersonal Data Communication Systems and Methods” (Atty.Docket N2IS.008PR2), U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/718,032,filed Oct. 24, 2012, entitled “Intrapersonal Data Communication Systemsand Methods” (Atty. Docket N2IS.008PR3), U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/621,390, filed Apr. 6, 2012, entitled “Methods andSystems for Performing Wireless Maintenance and Diagnostic Procedures onPersonal Equipment” (Atty. Docket N2IS.009PR), and U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 61/677,448, filed Jul. 30, 2012, entitled“Systems and Methods for Connecting Equipment to Headgear” (Atty. DocketN2IS.019PR). The entire contents of the applications referenced in thisparagraph are incorporated by reference herein and made a part of thisspecification.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

This disclosure relates generally to communication systems and tointrapersonal data communication systems and methods.

2. Description of Related Art

An intrapersonal data communication system can include a data connectionthat covers only a few feet or meters of personal space. Such a systemcan provide interconnection between two or more local devices. Localdevices can include, for example, devices that are positioned near aperson's body; attached to clothing, headgear, or other personalaccessories; or held in a hand. A local device is local from theperspective of a user who is attempting to access services using thelocal device. Computers, telephones, cameras, goggles, sights,smartphones, battery packs, data processing systems, and otherelectrical devices can be local devices.

SUMMARY

Example embodiments described herein have innovative features, no singleone of which is indispensable or solely responsible for their desirableattributes. Without limiting the scope of the claims, some of theadvantageous features will now be summarized.

Some embodiments provide for a headgear system having aninterference-resistant optical digital signal link configured totransmit optical digital signals between two or more local devices. Theheadgear system can include an exterior shell and a guide path adjacentto the exterior shell, the guide path being configured to direct theoptical digital signal link between a first optical connector having anon-contact portion and a second optical connector having a non-contactportion. The headgear system can include a first signal converter havinga first local device electrical data interface and a first optical datainterface, wherein the first local device electrical data interface isconfigured to electrically connect to a first electrical data connectorof a first local device, and wherein the first signal converter isconfigured to convert between electrical digital signals and opticaldigital signals. The first optical connector of the headgear system canhave a non-contact portion configured to couple optical digital signalsbetween the first optical data interface of the first signal converterand a first end of the interference-resistant optical digital signallink across a first gap. The headgear system can include a second signalconverter having a second local device electrical data interface and asecond optical data interface, wherein the second local deviceelectrical data interface is configured to electrically connect to asecond electrical data connector of a second local device, and whereinthe second signal converter is configured to convert between electricaldigital signals and optical digital signals. The second opticalconnector can have a non-contact portion configured to couple opticaldigital signals between the second optical data interface of the secondsignal converter and a second end of the interference-resistant opticaldigital signal link across a second gap.

In some implementations, the first signal converter further comprises anoptical transceiver configured to send and receive the optical digitalsignals. In a further implementation, the headgear system can include acontroller configured to direct electrical power to the opticaltransceiver. In a further implementation, the controller can beconfigured to direct less than or equal to about 500 mW of electricalpower to the optical transceiver during transmission of the opticaldigital signals. In some implementations, the optical transceiver isconfigured to operate at a transmission rate that is less than or equalto about 10 Gbps. In some implementations, the controller is configuredto direct less than or equal to about 50 mW of electrical power to theoptical transceiver during transmission of information between the firstand second local devices and the transmission of information occurs at adata rate that is less than or equal to about 2 Gbps.

In some implementations, the interference-resistant optical digitalsignal link includes a radiation shield comprising an elongate tubehaving a metallic material layer, one or more optical fibers disposedwithin the elongate tube with axes substantially parallel to an elongateaxis of the shielding member, and one or more insulated wires disposedwithin the elongate tube with axes substantially parallel to theelongate axis of the shielding member configured to transmit anelectrical signal. In some implementations, the first local device is avisualization system. In some implementations, the second local deviceis a data processing system. In some implementations, the guide pathcomprises a path between an interior surface of the exterior shell andan inner padding of the headgear system. In some implementations, theheadgear system can include a mount interface configured tosubstantially secure the first local device to the headgear system.

Some embodiments provide for a method of providing a signal link betweentwo or more local devices using an interference-resistant opticaldigital signal link coupled to a headgear system. The method can includedirecting an interference-resistant optical digital signal link along aguide path between a first optical connector having a non-contactportion and a second optical connector having a non-contact portion. Themethod can include using a first signal converter, converting a firstelectrical digital signal to an optical digital signal, wherein thefirst signal converter comprises a first local device electrical datainterface and a first optical data interface, wherein the first localdevice electrical data interface is configured to electrically connectto a first electrical data connector of a first local device, andwherein the first optical data interface comprises the first opticalconnector having a non-contact portion. The method can include using thefirst optical connector having a non-contact portion, coupling theoptical digital signal from the first optical data interface of thefirst signal converter to a first end of the interference-resistantoptical digital signal link across a first gap. The method can includeusing a second signal converter, converting the output digital signal toa second electrical digital signal, wherein the second signal convertercomprises a second local device electrical data interface and a secondoptical data interface, wherein the second local device electrical datainterface is configured to electrically connect to a second electricaldata connector of a second local device, and wherein the second opticaldata interface comprises the second optical connector having anon-contact portion. The method can include using the second opticalconnector having a non-contact portion, coupling the optical digitalsignal from the second optical data interface of the second signalconverter and a second end of the interference-resistant optical digitalsignal link across a second gap.

In some implementations, the first and second signal converters consumeless than or equal to about 500 mW of power during transmission ofinformation between the first and second local devices. In a furtherimplementation, the transmission of information occurs at a data ratethat is less than or equal to about 10 Gbps. In some implementations,the first and second signal converters consume less than or equal toabout 50 mW of power during transmission of information between thefirst and second local devices and the transmission of informationoccurs at a data rate that is less than or equal to about 2 Gbps.

In some implementations, the interference-resistant optical digitalsignal link includes a radiation shield comprising an elongate tubehaving a metallic material layer, one or more optical fibers disposedwithin the elongate tube with axes substantially parallel to an elongateaxis of the shielding member, and one or more insulated wires disposedwithin the elongate tube with axes substantially parallel to theelongate axis of the shielding member configured to transmit anelectrical signal. In some implementations, coupling the optical digitalsignal from the first optical data interface of the first signalconverter to the first end of the interference-resistant optical digitalsignal link includes collimating the optical digital signal using acollimator in the first optical connector having a non-contact portion,transmitting the collimated optical digital signal across the first gapbetween the collimator and the interference-resistant optical digitalsignal link, and focusing the collimated optical digital signal to aregion substantially within a fiber optic disposed within theinterference-resistant optical digital signal link thereby coupling theoptical digital signal to the interference-resistant optical digitalsignal link. In some implementations, the first local device is avisualization system. In some implementations, the second local deviceis a data processing system. In some implementations, the first digitalelectrical signal comprises video data.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments are depicted in the accompanying drawings forillustrative purposes, and should in no way be interpreted as limitingthe scope of claimed embodiments. In addition, various features ofdifferent disclosed embodiments can be combined to form additionalembodiments, which are part of this disclosure. Any feature or structurecan be removed or omitted. Throughout the drawings, reference numberscan be reused to indicate correspondence between reference elements.

FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram representation of a headgear systemaccording to some embodiments.

FIGS. 1B, IC, and ID are illustrations of some embodiments of a headgearsystem with an optical digital signal link between a visualizationsystem and a data processing system.

FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of an example visualizationsystem having an optical digital signal adapter interface.

FIG. 2B illustrates a perspective view of an example optical digitalsignal adapter that mates with an example visualization system having anoptical digital signal adapter interface.

FIG. 2C illustrates a perspective view of an example visualizationsystem having an optical digital signal bridge interface comprisingelectrical and non-contact optical connectors.

FIG. 2D illustrates a perspective view of an example optical digitalsignal bridge that mates with an example visualization system having anoptical digital signal bridge interface.

FIG. 3A illustrates a perspective view of an example data processingsystem having an optical digital signal adapter interface.

FIG. 3B illustrates a perspective view of an example optical digitalsignal adapter that mates with an example data processing system havingan optical digital signal adapter interface.

FIG. 3C illustrates a perspective view of an example data processingsystem having an optical digital signal bridge interface comprisingelectrical and non-contact optical connectors.

FIG. 3D illustrates a perspective view of an example optical digitalsignal bridge that mates with an example data processing system havingan optical digital signal bridge interface.

FIG. 4A illustrates a block diagram representing a local deviceelectrical connector, an optical digital signal adapter, and an opticaldigital signal link according to some embodiments.

FIG. 4B illustrates a block diagram representing a local device having asignal converter within the local device, and an optical digital signallink according to some embodiments.

FIG. 4C illustrates a block diagram representing a local device having asignal converter within the local device, and a duplex/bi-directionaloptical digital signal link according to some embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram representing an optical digitalsignal bridge having a non-contact optical connector according to someembodiments.

FIG. 6A illustrates a block diagram representing an exampleintrapersonal data communication system from a visualization system to adata processing system.

FIG. 6B illustrates a block diagram representing an exampleduplex/bi-directional intrapersonal data communication system between avisualization system and a data processing system.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart of an example method of transmittinginformation from a visualization system to a data processing system.

FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of an example of mounting hardwareand an optical digital signal link routing within the mounting hardware.

FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of an example intrapersonal datacommunication system mounted on a helmet with a visualization system anda data processing system.

FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart of an example method of preparing aheadgear system for being fitted with an intrapersonal datacommunication system.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example intrapersonal data communication systemincorporating a plurality of visualization systems, with at least onevisualization system external to the headgear system.

FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of ahelmet mount incorporating electrical and optical signal connectors.

FIG. 13 illustrates the example helmet mount from the illustration inFIG. 12 to show the electrical and optical signal connectors.

FIG. 14 illustrates the electrical and optical signal connectors fromthe example helmet mount illustrated in FIG. 12.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Although certain embodiments and examples are disclosed herein,inventive subject matter extends beyond the specifically disclosedembodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses, and tomodifications and equivalents thereof. Thus, the scope of the claimsappended hereto is not limited by any of the particular embodimentsdescribed below. For example, in any method or process disclosed herein,the acts or operations of the method or process can be performed in anysuitable sequence and are not necessarily limited to any particulardisclosed sequence. Various operations can be described as multiplediscrete operations in turn, in a manner that can be helpful inunderstanding certain embodiments; however, the order of descriptionshould not be construed to imply that these operations are orderdependent. Additionally, the structures described herein can be embodiedas integrated components or as separate components. For purposes ofcomparing various embodiments, certain aspects and advantages of theseembodiments are described. Not necessarily all such aspects oradvantages are achieved by any particular embodiment. Thus, for example,various embodiments can be carried out in a manner that achieves oroptimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein withoutnecessarily achieving other aspects or advantages as can also be taughtor suggested herein.

It is contemplated that the particular features, structures, orcharacteristics of any embodiments discussed herein can be combined inany suitable manner in one or more separate embodiments not expresslyillustrated or described. In many cases, structures that are describedor illustrated as unitary or contiguous can be separated while stillperforming the function(s) of the unitary structure. In many instances,structures that are described or illustrated as separate can be joinedor combined while still performing the function(s) of the separatedstructures.

Local devices and intrapersonal electrical systems can be configured tocommunicate with one another using an intrapersonal data communicationsystem. Such communication can permit, for example, processing anddisplay of real-time video feeds supplemented by relevant andappropriate information. The amount of information to be processed anddisplayed can be achieved by intrapersonal data communication systemsthat operate at a data rate suitable for transferring digital video. Tobe mobile and suited for practical use when away from convenientrecharging stations, an intrapersonal data communication system thatconsumes a relatively low amount of power can be advantageous.Considering mobility, an intrapersonal data communication systemadvantageously can be relatively lightweight and of a small form factor,in addition to consuming a relatively low amount of power. In addition,traditional wired communications can be susceptible to electromagneticinterference in certain environments, rendering high-bandwidthcommunication difficult, unreliable, and/or impracticable. Wirelesscommunications can also be susceptible to interference fromelectromagnetic sources and to surreptitious interception. Accordingly,some embodiments provided herein disclose an intrapersonal datacommunication system that is configured to operate at a data ratesufficient for digital video transmission, to use relatively low power,to be lightweight, to have a small form factor, to be resistant toelectromagnetic interference (“EMI”), to be secure, to be resistant todamage, and/or to provide robust data connections in environmentstraditionally adverse to wired communication (e.g., outdoors, dustyenvironments, muddy environments, environments with excessive moisture,etc.).

Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a relatively high-bandwidth,low-power, light-weight intrapersonal data communication system that canincorporate data streams from lower bandwidth sources. For example, alower bandwidth source can include sensors that are within or mounted ona headgear system, coupled to an external system such as a weapon orfirearm, mounted or attached to clothing or a backpack, or otherexternal but localized system. The lower bandwidth data streams can bedelivered to the relatively high-bandwidth intrapersonal datacommunication system described herein by electrical wire, fiber opticconnection, RF link, EMI-resistant wireless communication or othersuitable intrapersonal link. In some implementations, the lowerbandwidth data streams are delivered to the relatively high-bandwidthintrapersonal data communication system in such a way as to reduce,minimize, or eliminate cables that may be susceptible to snagging,catching, or otherwise incurring damage during use or operation.

Overview of Headgear Systems Having an Intrapersonal Data CommunicationSystem

Some embodiments provide for a headgear system having an intrapersonaldata communication system. The intrapersonal data communication systemcan be configured to transmit and/or propagate signals between localdevices of the headgear system, between components of the intrapersonaldata communication system, between local devices and external systems,and/or between components of the headgear system and external systems.The intrapersonal data communication system can include an opticalsignal cable that is configured to provide a communication link betweendevices, systems, and components wherein the optical signal cabletransmits optical digital signals and/or electrical voltages. Theintrapersonal data communication system can include componentsconfigured to couple signals across an interface between segments of theoptical signal cable, an interface between the optical signal cable anda local device, and/or an interface between the optical signal cable andan external system. For example, the intrapersonal data communicationsystem can include optical digital signal bridges and/or optical digitalsignal adapters configured to send and receive optical digital signals,electrical digital signals, and/or electrical voltages.

The headgear system can include one or more local devices coupled to theheadgear system through one or more mount interfaces. For example, theheadgear system can include a visualization system that can beconfigured to acquire image data and/or display information to a user.The visualization system can include, for example, a thermal camera anddisplay, a night-vision goggle, an infrared imager and display, or thelike. The visualization system can be coupled to the headgear systemthrough a mount interface that is configured to move and to position thevisualization system in a desired, defined, or suitable locationrelative to the user. The headgear system can include a data processingsystem configured to receive information from another local device,process the received information using one or more hardware processorsand memory, and store the information and/or send the processedinformation back to the local device, to a different local device, or toan external system. Similarly, the data processing system can be coupledto the headgear system through a mount interface.

The headgear system can include an intrapersonal data communicationsystem. The intrapersonal data communication system can be configured toprovide communication between local devices and/or between a localdevice and an external system using an optical digital signal link. Theoptical digital signal link can include one or more elements configuredto propagate optical digital signals and one or more elements configuredto conduct electrical voltages. For example, the optical digital signallink can include optical fibers configured to propagate optical digitalsignals and electrical wire to conduct electrical voltages. The opticaldigital signal link can be configured to propagate signals between, forexample, local devices, a local device and an external system, thevisualization system and the data processing system, the visualizationsystem and a component external to the headgear system, or the dataprocessing system and a component external to the headgear system.

In some embodiments, the optical digital signal link includes ashielding member comprising an elongate tube having a metallic materiallayer and an insulation layer. The optical digital signal link caninclude one or more optical fibers disposed within the elongate tube.The fibers can have elongate axes substantially parallel to the axis ofthe shielding member. The optical digital signal link can also includeone or more insulated wires disposed within the elongate tube with axessubstantially parallel to the axis of the shielding member configured totransmit an electrical signal. The optical digital signal link can havea total length that is less than or equal to about 1 m, less than orequal to about 50 cm, or less than or equal to about 30 cm.

In some embodiments, the optical digital signal link comprises aplurality of segments or portions coupled to one another through opticaldigital signal bridges. The optical digital signal bridges can beconfigured to provide a communication bridge between segments of theoptical digital signal link by providing electrical connectors thatelectrically couple corresponding elements in coupled segments of theoptical digital signal link and optical signal connectors that opticallycouple corresponding elements in coupled segments of the optical digitalsignal link.

In some embodiments, the intrapersonal data communication system caninclude one or more optical digital signal adapters configured toconvert electrical digital signals to optical digital signals and/oroptical digital signals to electrical digital signals. An opticaldigital signal adapter can include a transmitter configured to producean amount of radiation corresponding to an input level of electricalvoltage or current. The optical digital signal adapter can include areceiver having a photosensitive element configured to produce anelectrical voltage or current corresponding to a detected level ofradiation. In some embodiments, the optical digital signal adapter caninclude electrically conductive elements configured to conductelectrical currents and/or voltages across the adapter. For example, theoptical digital signal adapter can be configured to receive anelectrical digital signal and convert it to an optical digital signal aswell as to receive an electrical voltage and transmit a correspondingelectrical voltage. Thus, the optical digital signal adapter receiveselectrical digital signals and electrical voltages and transmits opticaldigital signals and electrical voltages that correspond to therespective input signals and voltages. Similarly, the optical digitalsignal adapter can be configured to receive optical digital signals andconvert the received signals into electrical digital signals as well astransmit received electrical voltages. Thus, the optical digital signaladapter receives optical digital signals and electrical voltages andtransmits electrical digital signals and electrical voltages thatcorrespond to the respective input signals and voltages. In someembodiments, a local device can include a signal converter that isconfigured to send and receive optical digital signals and thereforesuch local device uses an optical digital signal bridge to couple to theoptical digital signal link rather than an optical digital signaladapter.

An optical digital signal can be transmitted between elements and/orsegments of the intrapersonal data communication system, including localdevices, using non-contact optical connectors. For example, an opticaldigital signal bridge can include a non-contact optical connector thatis configured to transmit an optical digital signal from a first segmentof the optical digital signal link across a gap to a second segment ofthe optical digital signal link. A local device can include anon-contact optical connector that is configured to couple an opticaldigital signal to a corresponding non-contact optical connector that iscoupled to the optical digital signal link. Similarly, an opticaldigital signal adapter can include a non-contact optical connector thatis configured to transmit an optical digital signal produced by theadapter to a corresponding non-contact optical connector that is coupledto the optical digital signal link.

The intrapersonal data communication system can include optical signalcommunication links which can include optical digital signal bridgesand/or optical digital signal adapters. An optical signal communicationlink can be configured to couple electrical voltages and optical digitalsignals between segments of the optical digital signal link, between alocal device and a segment of the optical digital signal link, orbetween other components of the intrapersonal data communication system.In some embodiments, the optical signal communication link can include aconnector having a first surface that is configured to releasably matewith or couple to a first surface on a complementary connector that ispart of a local device, an optical digital signal bridge, an opticaldigital signal adapter, or other component of the intrapersonal datacommunication system. The optical signal communication link can includea plurality of connector elements disposed on the first surface of theconnector that are configured to couple to complementary elements on thefirst surface of the complementary connector. For an optical digitalsignal adapter or local device, for example, the plurality of connectorelements can include a power connector element configured to transmit anelectrical voltage, a return connector element configured to transmit anelectrical voltage, and a digital signal pin configured to transmit anelectrical digital signal. For an optical digital signal adapter orlocal device, for example, the plurality of connector elements caninclude the power connector element and the return connector element, asabove, and can include a non-contact optical connector configured totransmit an optical digital signal. In some embodiments, the pluralityof connector pins can include a redundant power connector elementconfigured to transmit an electrical voltage, a redundant returnconnector element configured to transmit an electrical voltage,additional digital signal pins configured to transmit electrical digitalsignals, and/or additional non-contact optical connectors configured totransmit optical digital signals.

The optical digital signal adapter or local device can include a fiberoptic transmitter which includes a radiation source and an integratedcircuit configured to control a radiation output from the radiationsource, the radiation output corresponding to a transmitter inputsignal. The transmitter input signal can include signals such as, forexample, an electrical digital signal from the visualization system, anelectrical digital signal from the data processing system, a multiplexedelectrical digital signal, or any combination of these. In someembodiments, the optical signal adapter or local device can include afiber optic receiver configured to receive an optical digital signal andproduce an electrical digital signal. The fiber optic receiver can beconfigured to produce an electrical signal corresponding to an amount ofinput radiation using a photodetector, a transimpedance amplifier, and alimiting amplifier.

In some embodiments, a non-contact optical connector on an opticalsignal communication link can include an optical system forsubstantially collimating output radiation or focusing input radiationfor transmission between optical fibers or waveguides in a correspondingoptical signal communication link. The optical system of the non-contactoptical connector can include a collimating or focusing lens that isdisposed in a cavity of the connector wherein the lens is positionedless than or equal to about 1 mm from a surface of the connector, lessthan or equal to about 0.5 mm from the surface of the connector, or lessthan or equal to about 0.25 mm from the surface of the connector. Insome embodiments, a non-contact optical connector on a first opticalsignal communication link can include a tightly bundled group of opticalfibers configured to receive an optical digital signal aftertransmission through the optical system. The optical system and/ortightly bundled group of optical fibers can be configured to reduceoptical signal losses between optical signal communication links causedby angular misalignment and/or position displacement between couplednon-contact optical connectors. In some embodiments, the non-contactoptical connector includes a transparent window configured to have asurface that is substantially co-planar with the surface of the opticalsignal communication link to provide protection to the optical system orfiber bundle and/or provide a surface that is accessible for cleaning.

In some embodiments, the intrapersonal data communication system caninclude a multiplexor configured to create an output multiplexed digitalsignal from multiple digital signals. In some embodiments, theintrapersonal data communication system includes a demultiplexor thatcan be configured to create multiple output demultiplexed digitalsignals from an input digital signal. The intrapersonal datacommunication system can include a single- or dual-spectral band,bi-directional or duplex communication system that uses optical systems,collimating elements, focusing elements, splitters, and/or opticalfilters for bi-directional optical communication across the opticaldigital signal link.

Some embodiments provide for an optical signal cable that includes anoptical digital signal bridge at a distal end. The optical signal cablecan comprise an elongate tube having an insulating member and ashielding member, wherein the optical signal includes, disposed withinthe elongate tube, a power line configured to transmit an electricalvoltage or current, a return line configured to transmit an electricalvoltage or current, and fiber optic cable configured to transmit anoptical digital signal. The optical digital signal bridge includes aconnector interface having a connector surface wherein the connectorsurface includes a plurality of connector elements including a powerconnector element electrically coupled to the power line, a returnconnector element electrically coupled to the return line, and anon-contact optical connector optically coupled to the fiber opticcable. In some embodiments, the optical signal cable can includeadditional power lines, return lines, and/or fiber optic cables withcorresponding connector elements on the optical digital signal bridge.In some embodiments, the optical digital signal bridge can include analignment mechanism configured to align the connector surface with acorresponding connector interface of a local device, optical digitalsignal adapter, optical digital signal bridge, or other component of theintrapersonal data communication system to establish a functional signallink. For example, a first optical signal cable having an opticaldigital signal bridge at a distal end can be coupled to a second opticalsignal cable having an optical digital signal bridge at a proximal endso that a functional signal link is provided between the first andsecond optical signal cables. As another example, an optical signalcable having an optical digital signal bridge can be coupled to anoptical digital signal adapter configured to convert optical digitalsignals into electrical digital signals and vice versa. In turn, theadapter can be coupled to a local device that is configured to transmitand receive electrical digital signals, thereby creating a link betweenthe local device and the optical signal cable. As another example, anoptical signal cable having an optical digital signal bridge can becoupled to a local device that is configured to send and/or receiveoptical digital signals, thereby creating a link between the localdevice and the optical digital signal cable. Thus, according to someembodiments, the intrapersonal data communication system can establishcommunication and power links between local devices and acrossinterfaces using optical signal cables, optical digital signal bridges,and/or optical digital signal adapters.

The headgear system can include a power source configured to supplypower to local devices such as the data processing system and thevisualization system, to optical digital signal adapters, and/or signalconverters. The power source can be any device or system configured toprovide power which includes, without limitation, a battery or series ofbatteries, a fuel cell, a photovoltaic panel, or any combination ofthese. In some embodiments, the power source provides less than or equalto about 500 mW of electric power, less than or equal to about 200 mW,less than or equal to about 100 mW, or less than or equal to about 50mW. Some embodiments provide a headgear system where the transmissionrate of digital information is based on the situation, and can be lessthan or equal to about 10 Gbps in situations where real-time,low-latency processing is desired, and can be less than or equal toabout 5 kbps in active standby situations, wherein the power sourceprovides in either situation less than or equal to about 500 mW ofpower, less than or equal to about 200 mW of power, less than or equalto about 100 mW of power, or less than or equal to about 50 mW of power.

Some embodiments provide for a method of transmitting informationbetween local devices, such as between a visualization system and a dataprocessing system, wherein the method includes encoding information froma first local device into an electrical digital signal. The electricaldigital signal can be converted to an optical digital signal on thefirst local device using a signal converter that is part of the firstlocal device or using a first optical digital signal adapter that iscoupled to the first local device. The resulting optical digital signalcan be coupled to an optical digital signal link and transmitted overthe optical digital signal link. The optical digital signal can then becoupled to a second optical digital signal adapter or a second localdevice having a signal converter where it is converted to a secondelectrical digital signal that contains substantially the sameinformation as the first electrical digital signal. If the opticaldigital signal is converted in the second digital signal adapter, thesecond electrical digital signal can then be coupled to the second localdevice. The second local device can then decode the second electricaldigital signal and process the decoded information. In some embodiments,the intrapersonal data communication system can include a power sourceand a controller configured to control an amount of power delivered tocomponents of the intrapersonal data communication system. In someembodiments, the controller can be configured to direct an amount ofpower to the components for transmission of the information between thelocal devices wherein the average amount of power is less than or equalto about 500 mW with average peak data transmission rates less than orequal to about 10 Gbps. In some embodiments, the controller isconfigured to direct an average amount of power that is less than orequal to about 200 mW, less than or equal to about 100 mW, less than orequal to about 60 mW, or less than or equal to about 50 mW. In someembodiments, the peak rate of data transmission of the information isless than or equal to about 4 Gbps, less than or equal to about 2 Gbps,less than or equal to about 1 Gbps, or less than or equal to about 5kbps in active standby situations. In some embodiments, the transmittedinformation can include, for example, uncompressed video data,compressed video data, thermal data, GPS data, compass data, inertial orrate sensor data, sensor synchronization signals, object location data,or any combination of these or other data.

Some embodiments provide for a method for connecting aninterference-resistant cable to a headgear system including avisualization system and a data processing system. The method caninclude modifying the headgear system such that a path is createdbetween the visualization system and the data processing system for theinterference-resistant cable, and putting the interference-resistantcable in the headgear system to create a communication link between thevisualization system and the data processing system. In someembodiments, the interference-resistant cable includes an elongate tubehaving a metallic layer and an insulation layer, and an optical fiberdisposed within the elongate tube. The headgear system can include ahelmet that has an exterior shell. The modifying step of the method caninclude creating a path from the visualization system to the dataprocessing system wherein the path is disposed adjacent to the exteriorshell.

Example Headgear Systems

FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram representing an example headgearsystem 100 having an intrapersonal data communication system. Theheadgear system 100 can include items such as, for example, a helmet,cap, eyewear system with ear stems with resilient member, facemask, hat,head band, or any combination of these. The headgear system 100 includesa mount interface 102 configured to couple with a local device, such asa visualization system 110 and/or a data processing system 112. Theheadgear system 100 includes an exterior shell 104 and an inner padding106. The exterior shell 104 and the inner padding 106 can be integrallyformed or be separate components of the headgear system 100. Theheadgear system 100 includes a guide path 108 configured to providesupport, guidance, and/or protection for an optical digital signal link114. The guide path 108 can be integrally formed with the headgearsystem 100; a separate component in the headgear system 100; integrallyformed with the exterior shell 104; integrally formed with the innerpadding 106; or a cavity adjacent to the inner padding 106, adjacent tothe exterior shell 104, or between the exterior shell 104 and the innerpadding 106. The optical digital signal link 114 of the headgear system100 can be configured to transmit or propagate signals between localdevices, such as between the visualization system 110 and the dataprocessing system 112, between a local device and a component externalto the intrapersonal data communication system or headgear system,and/or between any components of the intrapersonal data communicationsystem.

Mount Interfaces

The mount interface 102 of the headgear system 100 can be configured tocouple with a local device, such as the visualization system 110 and/orthe data processing system 112. There may be one or more mountinterfaces configured to couple with one or more visualization systemsand/or one or more data processing systems. The mount interface 102 canbe configured to releasably couple with the visualization system 110and/or the data processing system 112. The mount interface 102 can beconfigured to non-releasably couple with the visualization system 110and/or the data processing system 112.

The coupling between the mount interface 102 and the visualizationsystem 110 or the data processing system 112 can be accomplished throughany appropriate technique. For example, the visualization system 110 orthe data processing system 112 can have a mount interface structure thatreleasably mates with the mount interface 102 such that thevisualization system 110 or the data processing system 112 can snap intoplace and secured in place using clips, latches, friction mounts,springs, and the like. As another example, the visualization system 110or the data processing system 112 can couple to the mount interface 102by utilizing corresponding fasteners and mating components. The mountinterface 102 can include one or more holes that correspond to one ormore threaded members on the visualization system 110 or data processingsystem 112 through which screws may pass and mate to the correspondingthreaded members on the corresponding system. The visualization system110 or data processing system 112 can include one or more holescorresponding to one or more holes on the mount interface 102 throughwhich bolts may pass and mated with nuts to secure the correspondingsystem to the mount interface. In some embodiments, adhesives can beused to couple the mount interface 102 and the visualization system 110or the data processing system 112. In some embodiments, magnets orelectromagnets can be used to couple the mount interface 102 and thevisualization system 110 or the data processing system 112. In someembodiments, the mount interface includes a clamp ring, band clamp, asleeve, or another type of clamp configured to substantially secure thevisualization system 110 and/or the data processing system 112. In someembodiments, the mount interface 102 and the visualization system 110and/or the data processing system 112 include components configured toreleasably mate with one another using a locking element, a friction fitelement, another suitable element, or a combination of elements. Forexample, the mount interface 102 includes a substantially planar memberincluding a relatively narrow protruding member extending at leastpartially along its edges. The relatively narrow protruding memberincludes a lip member extending along at least a portion of one edge ofthe relatively narrow protruding member, the lip member being orthogonalto the relatively narrow protruding member and configured to extendtowards the interior of the substantially planar member. Thevisualization system 110 and/or the data processing system 112 includecorresponding members that are configured to mate with the substantiallyplanar member of the mount interface 102. The mount interface 102 mayinclude a locking member or friction member such that when thevisualization system 110 and/or the data processing system 112 ispositioned to mate with the substantially planar member of the mountinterface 102, the locking member or friction member can be engaged tosubstantially secure the mount interface 102 to the corresponding system110 and/or 112.

In some embodiments, the mount interface 102 can be integrally formedwith the headgear system 100. In some embodiments, the mount interface102 can be a separate component attachable to the headgear system 100.In some embodiments, the mount interface 102 includes multiple pieces.In some embodiments, the mount interface 102 includes a single, unitarypiece. In some embodiments, the mount interface 102 can be attached tothe exterior shell 104. In some embodiments, the mount interface 102 canbe integrally formed with the exterior shell 104. In some embodiments,the mount interface 102 can be attached to the inner padding 106. Insome embodiments, the mount interface 102 can be integrally formed withthe inner padding 106.

The mount interface 102 can be attached to the headgear system 100through any appropriate technique. In some embodiments, the mountinterface 102 includes a strap and substantially rigid members on theproximal and distal ends of the strap configured to conform to the shapeof a portion of the headgear system 100. The length of the strap can beadjusted such that when the length of the strap has been reducedsufficiently the substantially rigid members apply a force on theheadgear system 100 such that the mount interface 102 becomessubstantially affixed to the headgear system 100 through the frictionbetween the substantially rigid members and the portions of the headgearsystem with which they are in contact. In some embodiments, the mountinterface 102 is attached to the headgear system 100 by either drillingholes in the headgear system or utilizing pre-existing holes in theheadgear system; inserting one or more bolts, screws, or other fastenersthrough the hole; or mating a nut or other component configured to matewith the bolt, screw, or other fastener to the distal end of thefastener such that the mount interface 102 is substantially affixed tothe headgear system 100. In some embodiments, the mount interface 102can be attached to the headgear system 100 by utilizing an adhesivesuitable for affixing the mount interface 102 to the headgear system100. In some embodiments, the mount interface 102 can be attached to theheadgear system 100 utilizing friction. For example, in certainembodiments the mount interface 102 includes a clamping memberconfigured to apply forces on the headgear system 100 such that themount interface is substantially affixed to the headgear system 100through the friction between the clamping member and the portions of theheadgear system 100 that are in contact with the clamping member.Examples of clamping members include spring clamps, toggle clamps, bandclamps, screw or threaded clamps, or the like.

The mount interface 102 can be configured to substantially secure thevisualization system 110 and/or the data processing system 112 in one ormore different orientations and/or positions relative to the headgearsystem 100. For example, the mount interface 102 can include one or morejointed rods and/or plates configured to allow the visualization system110 and/or data processing system 112 to be pivotally moved to, andsubstantially secured in, a variety of orientations relative to theheadgear system 100. In some embodiments, the mount interface 102 isconfigured to permit the visualization system 110 and/or the dataprocessing system 112 to be moved translationally and/or rotationallyutilizing any appropriate mechanism such as, for example, threadedadjuster screws, friction-based slide mounts, or the like.

Exterior Shell

In some embodiments, the exterior shell 104 of the headgear system 100includes a single, unitary piece. In some embodiments, the exteriorshell 104 includes a plurality of components. The exterior shell 104 canbe configured to cover at least a portion of a person's skull when inuse. The exterior shell 104 can be configured to provide protection tothe user by absorbing, redirecting, and/or distributing the force of animpact to lessen the trauma to the user. The exterior shell 104 can beconfigured to deflect projectiles. The exterior shell 104 may be of atraditional shape and configuration for each of a variety of sports orhazardous activities. The exterior shell 104 can be made of plastic,polyethylene, carbon fiber, reinforced fibers such as an aramid (e.g.,KEVLAR® or Twaron®), epoxy fiber materials, polycarbonate plastic, orany type of metal, or any combination of these materials. The exteriorshell 104 can be of an injection-molded construction ofpolymeric/copolymeric material.

Inner Padding

The inner padding 106 of the headgear system 100, if included, can bemade of a single, unitary piece or a plurality of components. In someembodiments, the inner padding 106 can be configured to substantiallyconform to the general shape of a portion of a user's skull. In someembodiments, the inner padding 106 can be configured to absorb the forceof an impact to the skull of the user thereby reducing the impulseimparted to the user. In some embodiments, the inner padding 106includes a deformable headpiece, interior padding affixed to an interiorsurface of the exterior shell 104, an inner layer of foam material, anda padding layer. The inner padding 106 can be made of a high densityfoam such as, for example, expanded polystyrene (EPS), high densitypolyethylene (HDPE), expanded polypropylene (EPP), vinyl nitril, an airmanagement system, or any combination of these.

Guide Path

The guide path 108 of the headgear system 100 can be configured toprovide support, guidance, and/or protection for the optical digitalsignal link 114. In some embodiments, the guide path 108 includes alumen through which the optical digital signal link 114 passes. Thelumen can be made of a substantially rigid material which providesprotection to the optical digital signal link 114 from potentiallydamaging forces. The lumen can be adjacent to an interior or exteriorsurface of the exterior shell 104. In some embodiments, the guide path108 includes a region between the inner padding 106 and the exteriorshell 104 sufficient to house the optical digital signal link 114. Insome embodiments, the guide path 108 includes a cavity within or alongthe inner padding 106 sufficient to allow at least a portion of theoptical digital signal link 114 to be housed within the cavity. Thecavity can be formed in the inner padding 106 after the headgear system100 has been manufactured or it can be manufactured with a cavitysuitable to act as the guide path 108. The guide path 108 can be formedas an integral part of the interior padding 106 and/or the exteriorshell 104. In some embodiments, the guide path 108 includes a separatecomponent secured to the surface of the inner padding 106, the exteriorshell 104, or both. In some embodiments, the guide path 108 includes aplurality of rigid members configured to substantially secure a portionof the optical digital signal link 114. The plurality of rigid memberscan be attached to the exterior shell 104, the inner padding 106, orboth the exterior shell 104 and the inner padding 106. The plurality ofrigid members can be affixed to the headgear system using adhesives,clamps, friction mounts, magnets, electromagnets, or fasteners. Incertain embodiments, one or more of the rigid members include clipswhich are configured to receive the optical digital signal link 114 andsubstantially secure it in place by the use of friction. In certainembodiments, one or more of the rigid members include hooks configuredto receive the optical digital signal link 114. The guide path 108 caninclude an elongate tube configured to allow the optical digital signallink 114 to fit within the elongate tube. The guide path 108 can be apath between an interior portion of the exterior shell 104 and a portionof the inner padding 106 adjacent to the interior portion of theexterior shell 104.

Visualization System

The visualization system 110 includes one or more components configuredto acquire image data and/or display information to a user. Thevisualization system 110 can be configured to communication imagery dataacross the intrapersonal data communication system to other localdevices or to external systems. The visualization system 110 can beconfigured to receive information from other local devices or externalsystems using the intrapersonal data communication system, and todisplay the received information to a user. Example visualizationsystems are described in greater detail herein with reference to FIGS.2A and 2C.

Data Processing System

The data processing system 112 includes one or more hardware processors,controllers, and/or memory. The data processing system 112 can beconfigured to process information received over the intrapersonal datacommunication system wherein the information originates in a localdevice, an external system, sensors, or the like. The data processingsystem 112 can receive the information, process it, and send theprocessed information to local devices using the intrapersonal datacommunication system. Example data processing systems are described ingreater detail herein with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3C.

Optical Digital Signal Link

The intrapersonal data communication system of the headgear system 100can include optical digital signal link 114 configured to transmitand/or propagate electrical voltages and/or optical digital signalsbetween elements or components of the headgear system 110 and theintrapersonal communication system. To propagate the optical digitalsignals, the optical digital signal link 114 includes one or moreoptical waveguides. The optical waveguides can be rectangularwaveguides, optical fibers, fiber optic cables, and the like. Forexample, the optical digital signal link 114 can include one or moreoptical fibers that have a silica-based core that is configured totransmit radiation and that is surrounded by a silica-based claddinghaving a lower index of refraction than the silica-based core. Thesilica-based cladding can be surrounded by one or more coatings. The oneor more optical fibers can be, for example, single-mode or multi-modeoptical fiber. To propagate electrical voltages, the optical digitalsignal link 114 can include one or more conductive electrical wiresconfigured to carry electrical current or voltage.

In some embodiments, the optical digital signal link 114 includes aprotective sheath of tubing made of metal or a metallic braided materialsurrounding the one or more wires and the one or more opticalwaveguides. The protective sheath can be configured to providestructural support to the optical digital signal link 114, to reduce theeffects of electromagnetic interference within the optical digitalsignal link 114, and/or to protect the optical digital signal link 114from damage from external forces, pressures, or environmental elements.

In some embodiments, the optical digital signal link 114 can beconfigured to carry information between local devices, such as betweenthe visualization system 110 and the data processing system 112.Information can be digitized and converted into an optical digitalsignal to be introduced to the optical digital signal link 114. In someembodiments, the optical digital signal link 114 includes at least oneoptical fiber per direction of communication, such as, for example, atleast one optical fiber carries communication from the visualizationsystem 110 to the data processing system 112 and at least one opticalfiber carries communication from the data processing system 112 to thevisualization system 110. In some embodiments, the optical digitalsignal link 114 includes the ability to support duplex or bi-directionaldual-spectral band communication on the fibers, thereby enablingcommunication redundancy when two or more fibers are used, as describedwith greater detail herein with reference to FIGS. 4C and 6B. In someembodiments, the optical digital signal link 114 can be configured tosupport real-time video and digital communication with a bandwidth ofless than or equal to about 10 Gbps, less than or equal to about 4 Gbps,less than or equal to about 2 Gbps, or less than or equal to about 1Gbps, and in lower-demand or standby modes the bandwidth can bedecreased to about a 5 kbps.

In some embodiments, the optical digital signal link 114 includes asegment coupled to the visualization system 110 and another segmentcoupled to the data processing system 112. In some embodiments, theoptical digital signal link 114 can include a plurality of segmentsbeing operatively coupled through one or more optical digital signalbridges or connectors. In some embodiments, the optical digital signallink 114 couples with a first signal converter 116 (e.g., an opticaldigital signal bridge, an optical digital signal adapter, a signalconverter within a local device, etc.) at a first end and a secondsignal converter 116 at a second end. In some embodiments, the opticaldigital signal link 114 can be coupled to a signal converter 116 at afirst end and an optical digital signal bridge at a second end.

Some embodiments provide an optical digital signal link 114 that has atotal length that is at least about 10 cm and/or less than or equal toabout 1 m, at least about 20 cm and/or less than or equal to about 50cm, or at least about 25 cm and/or less than or equal to about 45 cm.

Signal Converter

In some embodiments, information from the visualization system 110 ordata processing system 112 can be digitized by the corresponding system110 or 112 and converted by a signal converter 116 into an opticaldigital signal suitable for transmission over the optical digital signallink 114. The signal converter 116 can be integrated into the localdevice or it can be a separate component, such as an optical digitalsignal adapter, as described herein. Examples of signal converters aredescribed with greater detail herein with reference to FIGS. 4A, 4B, and4C.

The signal converter 116 can convert the electrical digital signal froma local device, such as the visualization system 110 or data processingsystem 112, to an optical digital signal. The signal converter 116 caninclude an integrated circuit that controls a radiation source, such as,for example, a light-emitting diode (LED), a laser diode, or a verticalcavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). The radiation source of thesignal converter 116 emits radiation corresponding to the inputelectrical digital signal which can be coupled to an optical waveguidewithin the signal converter 116 before transmission to the opticaldigital signal link 114 or it can be directly coupled to an the opticaldigital signal link 114. The signal converter 116 can be coupled to theoptical digital signal link 114 using an optical digital signal bridgeor other similar connector.

The optical digital signal being carried by the optical digital signallink 114 can be converted into an electrical digital signal by thesignal converter 116. For example, the optical digital signal can becoupled to the signal converter 116 which includes a photodetector,transimpedance amplifier (TIA), and limiting amplifier (LIA) configuredto produce an electrical digital signal that corresponds to the receivedoptical digital signal. In some embodiments, the electrical digitalsignal output from the signal converter 116 can be transmitted to alocal device, such as the visualization system 110 or data processingsystem 112, through an optical digital signal bridge. In someembodiments, the signal converter 116 is integrated into the localdevice receiving the optical digital signal.

In some embodiments, power from a power source, such as a power sourcewithin the data processing system 112, can be provided to local deviceson the intrapersonal data communication system, such as thevisualization system 110, through wires in the optical digital signallink 114. A voltage can be applied to at least one of the wires in theoptical digital signal link 114 and transmitted to other componentsthrough electrical connectors at interfaces between components. Forexample, power can be delivered to the visualization system 110 throughthe signal converter 116, wherein the signal converter 116 includes anelectrical connection between the optical digital signal link 114 and acorresponding interface on the visualization system 110.

Example Headgear Systems Having an Intrapersonal Data CommunicationSystem

FIGS. 1B, 1C and 1D illustrate example embodiments of a headgear system100 having an intrapersonal data communication system. The headgearsystem 100 can be a helmet such as, for example, an Advanced CombatHelmet, a Modular Integrated Communications Helmet, a Mk. 7 Helmet, aSPECTRA Helmet, a Max Pro Police RD-Tac Tactical Helmet, or the like.The exterior shell 104 can be made of ballistic fiber such as Kevlar® orTwaron®. The inner padding 106 can be made of a high-density foammaterial which substantially conforms to a portion of the user's skull.

The mount interface 102 a is releasably coupled to the visualizationsystem 110. The coupling can be accomplished by any appropriatetechnique, including, for example, the techniques disclosed herein. Themount interface 102 a is also releasably coupled to the exterior shell104 of the helmet. The coupling can be accomplished by any appropriatetechnique, including, for example, the techniques disclosed herein. Thevisualization system 110 includes a monocular goggle, such as, forexample, a thermal goggle, a night-vision goggle, a multi-imaging sensorgoggle, or the like. Two mount interfaces 102 a are shown in FIGS. 1Band 1D, but both have similar functionality. The mount interface 102 ais configured to move the visualization system 110 into and out of theuser's direct line of sight. The mount interface 102 a includes amechanism configured to translate and/or rotate the visualization system110 according to a user's desired location. The mount interface 102 aincludes a vertical translation and/or rotation mechanism configured tomove the visualization system 110 up and out of the user's direct lineof sight. The mount interface 102 a can include a strap that isconnected to the mount interface 102 b and configured to conform to theshape of the exterior shell 104 and secure the mount interfaces 102 aand 102 b to the helmet 100.

The mount interface 102 b is releasably coupled to the data processingsystem 112. The mount interface 102 b is also releasably coupled to theexterior shell 104 of the helmet. The mount interface 102 b includes arigid member configured to support the body of the data processingsystem and conform to the surface of the exterior shell 104 and extendin a curved fashion under the exterior shell 104 and conform to thesurface of the inner padding 106 (as more clearly shown in FIG. ID). Themount interface 102 b is configured in this manner such that when thestrap connecting mount interfaces 102 a and 102 b is contracted inlength, the rigid member of mount interface 102 b applies a pressure tothe helmet sufficient to substantially secure the data processing system112 in place. The data processing system 112 can include a hardwareprocessor and memory. The data processing system 112 can include a powersource such as, for example, one or more batteries.

The optical digital signal link 114 is configured to provide acommunication link between the visualization system 110 and the dataprocessing system 112. The transmission rate across the optical digitalsignal link can be less than or equal to about 10 Gbps, less than orequal to about 4 Gbps, less than or equal to about 2 Gbps, less than orequal to about 1 Gbps, with rates down to a few kbps in active standbymodes. The optical digital signal link can be configured to transmitdigital information including information, such as, for example,compressed video data, compressed image data, uncompressed video data,uncompressed image data, textual data, location data, cartographic data,audio data, angular rate or tilt data, weapon pointing data, compassdata, synchronization data, digital commands, or any combination ofthese. The optical digital signal link 114 includes at least one opticalfiber configured to transmit an optical digital signal between thevisualization system 110 and the data processing system 112. In someembodiments, the at least one optical fiber includes a multi-mode fiber.In some embodiments, the optical digital signal link 114 includes apower wire and a return wire. In some embodiments, the optical digitalsignal link 114 includes a metallic tubing to provide protection,support, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. The opticaldigital signal link 114 can include an insulation layer, to providemechanical support, thermal stability, electromagnetic insulation, andthe like. In some embodiments, the optical digital signal link 114includes two or more sets of power and return wires to provideredundancy in the power supply system. In some embodiments, the opticaldigital signal link 114 conveys power from the data processing system112 to the visualization system 110.

The signal converter 116 a can be part of the visualization system 110or it can be a separate component (e.g., an optical digital signaladapter) that receives an electrical digital signal from thevisualization system 110. The signal converter 116 a can be configuredto convert the electrical digital signal of the visualization system 110into an optical digital signal for transmission over the optical digitalsignal link 114. In some embodiments, the signal converter 116 a isconfigured to convert an optical digital signal received from the dataprocessing system 110 over the optical digital signal link 114 to anelectrical digital signal for the visualization system 110. In someembodiments, the signal converter 116 a connects power and return linesfrom the optical digital signal link 114 to the visualization system110.

Similarly, signal converter 116 b can be configured to convert anelectrical digital signal supplied by the data processing system 110into an optical digital signal for transmission over the optical digitalsignal link 114. In some embodiments, the signal converter 116 b isconfigured to convert an optical digital signal received from thevisualization system 110 over the optical digital signal link 114 to anelectrical digital signal for the data processing system 110. In someembodiments, the signal converter 116 b connects power and return linesfrom the data processing system 110 to the optical digital signal link114.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1C and 1D, the optical digital signal link 114can comprise a plurality of segments. For example, the optical digitalsignal link 114 can have a mount interface segment that is associatedwith the mount interface 102 a and a helmet segment that is associatedwith the helmet 100. The mount interface segment of the optical digitalsignal link 114 can be internal to the mount interface 102 a as shown,or it can be external to it.

The intrapersonal data communication system can include signal converter116 c, or optical digital signal bridge, that acts to couple electricalvoltages and optical digital signals from the mount interface segment ofthe optical digital signal link 114 to the helmet segment of the opticaldigital signal link 114. In some embodiments, a mount interface-side ofthe signal converter 116 c receives optical digital signals and uses anon-contact optical connector to couple the received optical digitalsignals to a corresponding non-contact optical connector on ahelmet-side of the signal converter 116 c. When the mount interface 102a is removed from the helmet 100, the signal converter 116 c is dividedinto two separate parts and a segment of the optical digital signal link114 that is associated with the mount interface 102 a separates from theother segments of the optical digital signal link 114. When the mountinterface 102 a is attached to the helmet 100, the two separate parts ofthe signal converter 116 c are aligned and coupled so that electricalvoltages and optical digital signals can be transmitted between themount interface segment of the optical digital signal link 114 and thehelmet segment of the optical digital signal link 114.

In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. IC, the guide path 108comprises a path that is adjacent to an interior side of the exteriorshell 104 or that is adjacent to the inner padding 106. In someembodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 1D, the guide path 108 comprises astructure forming a lumen adjacent to the exterior shell 104 throughwhich the optical digital signal link 114 passes.

Example Visualization System

FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of an example visualizationsystem 200 having an optical digital signal adapter interface 206. Thevisualization system 200 includes a body 202, a mounting surface 204,and the optical digital signal adapter interface 206 comprising aplurality of electrical connectors. The body 202 of the visualizationsystem can be configured to house optical components, imaging sensors,display, electricals, buttons for interacting with the user, and thelike. The visualization system 200 can include one or more hardwareprocessors and/or memory housed within the body 202. The mountingsurface 204 can be configured to couple with a corresponding mountinterface on the headgear system. In some embodiments, the mountingsurface 204 includes one or more holes configured to receive screws,bolts, rivets, or the like. In some embodiments, the holes are threaded.In some embodiments, the mounting surface 204 includes one or morestructures which releasably mate with a corresponding structure on themount interface of the headgear system. For example, the mountingsurface 204 can include rails which mate with corresponding protrusionson the mount interface of the headgear system such that the mountingsurface can slide into the protrusions and be substantially secured inplace using one or more fiction fitting elements configured to applypressure to the mounting surface and substantially reduce or eliminateslippage.

The visualization system 200 includes one or more components configuredto acquire image data. In some embodiments, the visualization system 200includes a thermal camera or thermal goggle. The thermal camera orthermal goggle can be configured to display a visual image correspondingto the quantity of infrared radiation emanating from objects andbackground within the line of sight of the thermal camera or thermalgoggle, as imaged by the camera optics onto an infrared-sensingdetector. The infrared radiation falling on the detector is converted toa corresponding electrical signal that can be converted to a correctedand image-processed digital value via video processing electronics,which can be passed to a display system configured to displayinformation to a user. In some embodiments, the display system producesan intensity of visible radiation corresponding to the digital value ofthe infrared radiation. In some embodiments, the display system producesa color within the visible spectrum corresponding to the digital valueof the infrared radiation. Examples of infrared detectors include thosebased on pyroelectric sensors, ferroelectric materials, photovoltaic orphotoconductive devices, or microbolometer devices.

In some embodiments, the visualization system 200 includes a goggle orcamera configured to display visual information corresponding toamplified radiation signals in the line of sight of the opticalcomponents of the goggle. For example, the visualization system 110 caninclude a night-vision goggle. The night-vision goggle can include anadjustable objective lens assembly, an image intensifier tube assemblyor an Electron Bombarded Active Pixel Sensor (EBAPS) and display, and anadjustable ocular lens assembly. The amplified radiation signals fromthe image intensifier tube can be presented for direct viewing on thephosphor display of the image intensifier tube, or the direct view imagecan be converted to a digital value via an image sensor, such as, forexample, a CCD or CMOS imaging sensor. The image sensor can beconfigured to be sensitive to radiation falling within the ultraviolet,visible, near infrared, and/or short-wave infrared spectra. The imagesensor can be configured to be sensitive to radiation having awavelength falling between about 0.3 and 1.7 microns, between about 0.3and 0.4 microns, between about 0.4 and 0.75 microns, between about 0.75and 1.4 microns, or between about 0.9 to about 1.7 microns. The outputof the image sensor can be passed to a display system that produces, insome embodiments, an intensity of visible radiation corresponding to thedigital value of the amplified radiation signal, and in someembodiments, a frequency of visible radiation corresponding to thedigital value of the amplified radiation signal. The EBAPS can include aCMOS Active Pixel Sensor as its readout which can convert the amplifiedradiation signal to a video electrical signal. The low-noiseamplification mechanism of the photon generated electrons in theintensifier tube or EBAPS based camera or goggle allows the units todeliver high image signals for relatively low levels of light fallingwithin the visible spectrum such that the camera or goggle can assist auser to detect an object that the bare human eye would be relativelyincapable of distinguishing without the assistance of a device thatamplifies radiation signals.

In some embodiments, the visualization system 200 includes a systemconfigured to display information to the user. For example, the displaysystem can include a liquid crystal display (LCD), LED display, ororganic LED (OLED) display. The information displayed to the user caninclude image information derived from an image sensor system orinfrared sensor system, textual information, maps, positions of objectsor persons, augmented reality information, computer generated imagesand/or video, location data, weapon pointing data, compass data, all ofthe preceding, or any combination of these. For example, the informationmay be derived from the environment of the user, may be supplied by theuser, may be supplied by a person or entity besides the user, or may becomputer-generated, or any combination of these.

In some embodiments, the visualization system 200 can include a wirelesscommunication system. The wireless communication system can include asystem, such as, for example, an ultra-wide band communication system,radio frequency communication. Bluetooth communication, or anycombination of these.

Example Optical Digital Signal Adapter for a Visualization System

FIG. 2B illustrates a perspective view of an example optical digitalsignal adapter 201 that mates with an example visualization system 200having an optical digital signal adapter interface 206. The opticaldigital signal adapter 201 can be configured to releasably mate with thevisualization system 200. Mount interface 203 can be configured tocouple with corresponding mount interface 204 on the visualizationsystem 200.

The optical digital signal adapter 201 is configured to receiveelectrical digital signals from the visualization system 200 throughconnectors on the adapter interface 206. The electrical digital signalsare electrically coupled to the optical digital signal adapter 201through connector elements 205 that mate with corresponding connectorson the adapter interface 206. The optical digital signal adapter 201 isconfigured to convert the electrical digital signals into opticaldigital signals. The converted optical digital signals can betransmitted using an optical digital signal link (not shown) coupled tothe optical digital signal adapter 201. In some embodiments, the adapter201 is configured to convert electrical digital signals to opticaldigital signals and to convert optical digital signals to electricaldigital signals that are electrically coupled to the visualizationsystem 200 through the adapter interface 206. In some embodiments, theadapter interface 206 is configured to couple power and return linesbetween the visualization system 200 and the optical digital signallink. The adapter interface 206 can include a plurality of male orfemale connector pins that mate with the compatible connector elements205 on the adapter 201. The adapter interface 206 and connector elements205 shown in the figures include ten connector elements. In someembodiments, the adapter interface 206 and adapter connector elements205 include less than 10 connector elements, more than 10 connectorelements. For example, the adapter interface 206 can include a connectorelement to couple to a power line, a connector element to couple to areturn line, and a connector element to couple to an electrical digitalsignal. The adapter interface 206 can include a connector element tocouple to a redundant power line and a connector element to couple to aredundant return line. The adapter interface 206 can include connectorelements for multiple electrical digital signals. The adapter interface206 can be a circular connector, a square connector, a rectangularconnector, or any other suitably shaped connector. The adapter interface206 can include male or female connector elements aligned in columns, inrows, in concentric circles, in clusters, or any other suitableconfiguration.

Example Visualization System Having an Integrated Signal Converter

FIG. 2C illustrates a perspective view of an example visualizationsystem 200 having an optical digital signal bridge interface 206comprising electrical and non-contact optical connectors. Thevisualization system 200 has the same or similar functionality as thevisualization system described herein with reference to FIG. 2A exceptthat the visualization system 200 includes a signal converter. Thevisualization system 200 signal converter is configured to convertbetween electrical digital signals and optical digital signals, asdescribed herein. The bridge interface 206 can include electricalconnector elements and non-contact optical connectors 210. In someembodiments, the electrical connector elements can be conductive pads ona surface of a connector of the bridge interface 206. In someembodiments, the non-contact optical connectors 210 can includetransparent windows that have a surface that is even with the surface ofthe connector of the bridge interface 206. The connector elements of thebridge interface 206 can be configured to couple to correspondingconnector elements on an optical digital signal bridge 201, as describedwith reference to FIG. 2D.

Example Optical Digital Signal Bridge for a Visualization System

FIG. 2D illustrates a perspective view of an example optical digitalsignal bridge 201 that mates with an example visualization system 200having an optical digital signal bridge interface 206. The opticaldigital signal bridge 201 can be configured to receive an opticaldigital signal from the non-contact optical connectors 210 on thevisualization system 200 and couple them to an optical digital signallink (not shown). Similarly, the optical digital signal bridge 201 canbe configured to couple optical digital signals from the optical digitalsignal link to the visualization system 200 through correspondingnon-contact optical connectors 210 on the optical digital signal bridge201 and the bridge interface 206 of the visualization system 200. Theoptical digital signal bridge 201 has similar mounting features 203 asthe optical digital signal adapter 201 described herein with referenceto FIG. 2B.

The optical digital signal bridge 201 can include electrical connectors208 that are configured to electrically couple to correspondingconductive elements on the bridge interface 206 of the visualizationsystem 200. The electrical connectors 208 can have a plunger-type designwherein they are configured to recess into the bridge 201 when a forceis applied and return to a default position when no force is applied.This can allow the electrical connectors 208 to remain electricallycoupled to the bridge interface 206 during use.

The optical digital signal bridge 201 can include non-contact opticalconnectors 210 that are configured to optically couple optical digitalsignals between the bridge 201 and the visualization system 200. Asdescribed herein, the non-contact optical connectors 210 can includeelements configured to collimate and/or focus optical signals fortransmission across a gap. Furthermore, the non-contact opticalconnectors 210 can include transparent windows that have an exteriorsurface that is level with a surface of the connector interface 205. Inthis way, the interior optical components can be protected and thesurface of the connector can be cleaned with relative ease.

Example Data Processing System

FIG. 3A illustrates a perspective view of an example data processingsystem 300 having an optical digital signal adapter interface 306. Thedata processing system 300 includes a body 302, a mounting surface 304,and the optical digital signal interface 306. The body 302 is configuredto house the components of the data processing system 300 such as one ormore hardware processors and memory. The mounting surface 304 can beconfigured to releasably couple with a mount interface on a headgearsystem. The coupling can be accomplished by any suitable mechanism,including those described herein.

The data processing system 300 can include a power source. The powersource can include sources such as, for example, a battery or series ofbatteries, photovoltaic material, a solar panel, or any combination ofthese. The power source can be configured to provide sufficient power tothe data processing system 300 and/or other local devices or componentsof the intrapersonal data communication system. The data processingsystem 300 can include computer readable storage, one or more internalcommunications interlinks (such as, for example, internal buses), andone or more external communications interlinks. In some embodiments, thedata processing system 300 includes a transceiver element configured tosend and receive information to and from devices through radio frequencysignals, ultra-wideband technology, fiber optics, wired communication,or the like.

The data processing system 300 can be configured to process signals fromother data sources. Data sources can include, for example, sensorsmounted on a headgear system, sensors incorporated with the dataprocessing system 300, sensors or controls external to the headgearsystem, or any combination of these. The data sources can be deliveredto the data processing system 300 via electrical wire, optical fiber, orwireless link.

In some embodiments, the data processing system 300 can be configured toprocess image information, textual information, communication,instructions, or the like. For example, the data processing system 300can be configured to receive image information from a visualizationsystem, process the image information according to software or userinstructions, and send information back to the visualization systemwhere the information can be displayed to a user. In some embodiments,the data processing system 300 receives information via wirelesscommunication from a device or external system that the data processingsystem 300 can then relay to another local device through theintrapersonal data communication system. In some embodiments, the dataprocessing system 300 generates information based on internalinstructions which it can send to other local devices.

Example Optical Digital Signal Adapter for a Data Processing System

FIG. 3B illustrates a perspective view of an example optical digitalsignal adapter 301 that mates with an example data processing system 300having an optical digital signal adapter interface 306. The opticaldigital signal adapter 301 can be configured to releasably mate with thedata processing system 300. Mount interface 303 can be configured tocouple with corresponding mount interface 304 on the data processingsystem 300.

The optical digital signal adapter 301 is configured to receiveelectrical digital signals from the data processing system 300 throughconnectors on the adapter interface 306. The electrical digital signalsare electrically coupled to the optical digital signal adapter 301through connector elements 305 that mate with corresponding connectorson the adapter interface 306. The optical digital signal adapter 301 isconfigured to convert the electrical digital signals into opticaldigital signals. The converted optical digital signals can betransmitted using an optical digital signal link (not shown) coupled tothe optical digital signal adapter 301. In some embodiments, the adapter301 is configured to convert electrical digital signals to opticaldigital signals and to convert optical digital signals to electricaldigital signals that are electrically coupled to the data processingsystem 300 through the adapter interface 306. In some embodiments, theadapter interface 306 is configured to couple power and return linesbetween the data processing system 300 and the optical digital signallink. The adapter interface 306 can include a plurality of male orfemale connector pins that mate with the compatible connector elements305 on the adapter 301. The adapter interface 306 and connector elements305 shown in the figures include ten connector elements. In someembodiments, the adapter interface 306 and adapter connector elements305 include less than 10 connector elements, more than 10 connectorelements. For example, the adapter interface 306 can include a connectorelement to couple to a power line, a connector element to couple to areturn line, and a connector element to couple to an electrical digitalsignal. The adapter interface 306 can include a connector element tocouple to a redundant power line and a connector element to couple to aredundant return line. The adapter interface 306 can include connectorelements for multiple electrical digital signals. The adapter interface306 can be a circular connector, a square connector, a rectangularconnector, or any other suitably shaped connector. The adapter interface306 can include male or female connector elements aligned in columns, inrows, in concentric circles, in clusters, or any other suitableconfiguration.

Example Data Processing System Having an Integrated Signal Converter

FIG. 3C illustrates a perspective view of an example data processingsystem 300 having an optical digital signal bridge interface 306comprising electrical and non-contact optical connectors. The dataprocessing system 300 has the same or similar functionality as the dataprocessing system described herein with reference to FIG. 3A except thatthe data processing system 300 includes a signal converter. The dataprocessing system 300 signal converter is configured to convert betweenelectrical digital signals and optical digital signals, as describedherein. The bridge interface 306 can include electrical connectorelements and non-contact optical connectors 310. In some embodiments,the electrical connector elements can be conductive pads on a surface ofa connector of the bridge interface 306. In some embodiments, thenon-contact optical connectors 310 can include transparent windows thathave a surface that is even with the surface of the connector of thebridge interface 306. The connector elements of the bridge interface 306can be configured to couple to corresponding connector elements on anoptical digital signal bridge 301, as described with reference to FIG.3D.

Example Optical Digital Signal Bridge for a Data Processing System

FIG. 3D illustrates a perspective view of an example optical digitalsignal bridge 301 that mates with an example data processing system 300having an optical digital signal bridge interface 306. The opticaldigital signal bridge 301 can be configured to receive an opticaldigital signal from the non-contact optical connectors 310 on the dataprocessing system 300 and couple them to an optical digital signal link(not shown). Similarly, the optical digital signal bridge 301 can beconfigured to couple optical digital signals from the optical digitalsignal link to the data processing system 300 through correspondingnon-contact optical connectors 310 on the optical digital signal bridge301 and the bridge interface 306 of the data processing system 300. Theoptical digital signal bridge 301 has similar mounting features 303 asthe optical digital signal adapter 301 described herein with referenceto FIG. 3B.

The optical digital signal bridge 301 can include electrical connectors308 that are configured to electrically couple to correspondingconductive elements on the bridge interface 306 of the data processingsystem 300. The electrical connectors 308 can have a plunger-type designwherein they are configured to recess into the bridge 301 when a forceis applied and return to a default position when no force is applied.This can allow the electrical connectors 308 to remain electricallycoupled to the bridge interface 306 during use.

The optical digital signal bridge 301 can include non-contact opticalconnectors 310 that are configured to optically couple optical digitalsignals between the bridge 301 and the data processing system 300. Asdescribed herein, the non-contact optical connectors 310 can includeelements configured to collimate and/or focus optical signals fortransmission across a gap. Furthermore, the non-contact opticalconnectors 310 can include transparent windows that have an exteriorsurface that is level with a surface of the connector interface 305. Inthis way, the interior optical components can be protected and thesurface of the connector can be cleaned with relative ease.

Example Interface Elements

FIG. 4A illustrates a block diagram representing a local deviceelectrical connector 400, an optical digital signal adapter 401, and anoptical digital signal link 402 according to some embodiments. In someembodiments, the electrical connector 400 can be configured to couple tothe adapter 401 which can be configured to convert between electricaldigital signals and optical digital signals. The optical digital signaladapter 401 can be used when signal conversion is to be performedoutside a local device such that the adapter 401 can be a separatecomponent. The adapter 401 couples with the local device electricalconnector 400 through compatible mating elements 403 and 404. Thecompatible mating elements 403 and 404 can be configured to couplepower, return, redundant power, redundant return, digital output, anddigital input lines between the adapter 401 and local device through theelectrical connector 400. The configuration illustrated in FIG. 4A canbe utilized where the local device is configured to transmit and/orreceive electrical digital signals and the optical digital signaladapter can be used to convert between electrical digital signals andoptical digital signals for use with an optical digital signal link ofan intrapersonal data communication system.

FIG. 4B illustrates a block diagram representing a local device having asignal converter 400 within the local device, and an optical digitalsignal link 402 according to some embodiments. The local device havingthe signal converter 400 can be configured to convert between electricaldigital signals and optical digital signals and to couple with theoptical digital signal link 402. The configuration illustrated in FIG.4B can be utilized where the local device is configured to transmitand/or receive optical digital signals directly from an optical digitalsignal link of an intrapersonal data communication system.

FIG. 4C illustrates a block diagram representing a local device having asignal converter 400 within the local device, and aduplex/bi-directional optical digital signal link 402 according to someembodiments. The local device having the signal converter 400 can beconfigured to convert between electrical digital signals and opticaldigital signals and to couple with the optical digital signal link 402and to perform bi-directional signal communication across a singleoptical waveguide 418. The configuration illustrated in FIG. 4C can beutilized where bi-directional communication is desirable and where thelocal device is configured to transmit and receive optical digitalsignals.

The configurations illustrated in FIGS. 4A-C have some similaritiesincluding digital signal lines; power and return lines; redundant powerand return lines; connectors 424; fiber optic transmitters, receivers,and transceivers 410 and 412; multiplexors and demultiplexors 406 and408; non-contact optical connectors 422 and 423; and optical fibers 418.In FIGS. 4A-C, electrical digital signals are represented by the lineslabeled DOUTn or DINn, where n is a number such as 1, 2, 3, or 4. InFIGS. 4A-C, four each of electrical digital signal input and outputlines are listed. In some embodiments, the number of electrical digitalsignal input lines is less than four and may be zero, or may be morethan four. In some embodiments, the number of electrical digital signaloutput lines is less than four and may be zero, or may be more thanfour. For example, there can be a signal digital output line and nodigital input lines. For example, there can be a plurality of digitaloutput lines and no digital input lines. For example, there can be oneor more digital input lines and no digital output lines. The referencesto PWR, RTN, REDPWR, and REDRTN lines in FIGS. 4A-C correspond to power,return, redundant power, and redundant return lines. In someembodiments, there are no redundant power and/or redundant return lines.In some embodiments, there are more redundant power and/or redundantreturn lines.

In some embodiments, the optical fiber link may be bi-directional ormultimode, in which case the adapter 401 or local device interface 400can include transmitter and receiver components coupled with suitablycoated optical elements for separating and combining the transmitted andreceived optical signals.

In some embodiments, the digital output lines (DOUTn) can be passedthrough a multiplexor component 406 to multiplex the output electricaldigital signals. In some embodiments, there is no multiplexor. Themultiplexed electrical digital signal can be passed to a fiber optictransmitter 410. The fiber optic transmitter 410 can be configured toconvert an electrical digital signal into a corresponding opticaldigital signal. The fiber optic transmitter 410 can convert electricalsignals to optical signals using appropriate techniques, such as, forexample, by outputting an optical signal proportional to the inputelectrical current. The fiber optic transmitter 410 can be any suitablecomponent for converting electrical digital signals to optical digitalsignals, such as, for example, HXT4101A-DNT manufactured by GigOptix,Inc. of San Jose, Calif. The output of the fiber optic transmitter 410is an optical digital signal 414 that can be coupled to a collimatinglens 420. In some embodiments, the electrical digital signal can beconverted to an optical digital signal by fiber optic transmitter 410and subsequently passed through multiplexor component 406 configured tomultiplex optical signals.

In some embodiments, an input optical digital signal passes through afocusing lens 421 configured to substantially focus a collimated opticalsignal onto a fiber optic receiver 412. The focused optical digitalsignal 416 can be substantially directed and focused onto a fiber opticreceiver 412 configured to convert an optical digital signal into acorresponding electrical digital signal. The fiber optic receiver 412can convert optical signals to electrical signals using any appropriatetechnique such as, for example, outputting an electrical current that isproportional to the input power of the optical signal. The fiber opticreceiver can be any suitable component for converting optical digitalsignals to electrical digital signals, such as, for exampleHXR-4101A-DNT-T manufactured by GigOptix, Inc. of San Jose, Calif. Theconverted electrical digital signal can be passed through ademultiplexor component 408 configured to demultiplex electrical digitalsignals. The demultiplexor component 408 can be configured to couple theelectrical digital signals to the digital input lines (DINn). In someembodiments, there is no demultiplexor component 408. In someembodiments, the demultiplexor component 408 can be configured toreceive the optical signal 416 and demultiplex the optical digitalsignal 416 before being converted into an electrical digital signal.

In some embodiments, such as embodiments described with respect to FIGS.4C and 6B, a single optical fiber carries both input and output opticaldigital signals utilizing suitable techniques such as, for example,wavelength division multiplexing. Output and input optical digitalsignals can be directed to suitable components for multiplexing,demultiplexing, and conversion to corresponding electrical digitalsignals.

Non-Contact Optical Connection to Optical Digital Signal Link

FIGS. 4A-C show a representation of a non-contact optical connectionbetween optical digital signal link 402 and connector interface 400 orsignal converter 401, respectively. Output optical digital signal 414can be collimated by collimating lens 420. The collimated optical signalpasses through an output gap 422 before passing through a focusing lens426 and being coupled with optical fiber 418. Input optical digitalsignal passes through optical fiber 418 and can be coupled withcollimating lens 427. The collimated optical signal passes through aninput gap 423 before being focused by focusing lens 421. In someembodiments, the output and input gaps 422 and 423 can be about 1 mmbetween lens elements. In some embodiments, the gaps 422 and 423 may begreater than or equal to about 2 mm, less than or equal to about 1 mm,about 0.5 mm, or about 1.5 mm. In some embodiments, the gaps 422 and 423can have differing distances between lens elements, such as, forexample, there can be about 1.5 mm between lens elements 420 and 426 inoutput gap 422 and there can be about 0.8 mm between lens elements 421and 427 in input gap 423. In some embodiments, the non-contact opticalconnection can include transparent windows 428 and 429 that areconfigured to have an exterior surface that is substantially alignedwith an exterior surface of the adapter 401 or electrical connector 400.The transparent windows 428 and 429 can be configured to besubstantially transmissive for wavelengths that correspond towavelengths of light used in the fiber optics 418. The transparentwindows 428 and 429 can be treated with coatings to make them moredurable, scratch resistant, hydrophobic, polarized, filtered, and thelike. The transparent windows 428 and 429 can provide a protectivesurface for the lens elements 420, 421, 426 and 427. The transparentwindows 428 and 429 can provide a surface that is cleaned with relativeease to maintain optical coupling between components of theintrapersonal data communication system.

In some embodiments, the optical digital signal link 402 can beconfigured to connect to power and return lines through correspondingconnector elements 424 and 425. In some embodiments, the optical digitalsignal link 402 can be configured to connect to redundant power and/orredundant return lines. In some embodiments, the optical digital signallink 402 can be configured to carry optical digital signals and notpower and/or return lines.

Example Optical Signal Cables with an Optical Digital Signal Bridge

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram representing an optical digitalsignal bridge 500 a and 500 b having a non-contact optical connector 512according to some embodiments. The optical digital signal bridge formedby complementary bridge components 500 a and 500 b can be configured tooptically and electrically couple two segments of an optical signalcable 502 a and 502 b. The non-contact optical connection includesnon-contact connector assemblies 500 a and 500 b, input and output lines503, connector pins 504, alignment mechanisms 506, and one or morenon-contact optical connectors 512 including optical elements 508,transparent windows 509, and one or more input/output signal gaps 510.In some embodiments, the non-contact optical connectors 512 include alens and a transparent window 509 (where “transparent” can mean that thetransparent element is substantially transmissive to one or morefrequencies of electromagnetic radiation used in the fiber optic signalcabes), configured to abut or be adjacent to a transparent element of acomplementary non-contact optical connector 512. The transparent windows509 can have a planar surface that is exposed when the non-contactoptical connectors are not connected. The planar surface can be usefulto create a surface that is cleaned in a relatively easy manner and toestablish a connection surface to facilitate aligning the non-contactoptical connectors 512. The non-contact optical connectors 512 can beconfigured to maintain an optical connection when misaligned due to alateral displacement and/or an angular misalignment. For example, thenon-contact optical connection between signal cables 502 a and 502 b canbe maintained where the non-contact optical connectors 512 are laterallydisplaced by less than or equal to about 5 mm, less than or equal toabout 4 mm, less than or equal to about 3 mm, less than or equal toabout 2 mm, less than or equal to about 1 mm, less than or equal toabout 0.5 mm, and/or less than or equal to about 0.4 mm. The non-contactoptical connection between signal cables 502 a and 502 b can bemaintained where the non-contact optical connectors 512 are angularlymisaligned by less than or equal to about 5 degrees, less than or equalto about 4 degrees, less than or equal to about 3 degrees, less than orequal to about 2 degrees, less than or equal to about 1 degrees, lessthan or equal to about 0.5 degrees, and/or less than or equal to about0.4 degrees. Some example embodiments of non-contact optical connectorsare described herein with reference to FIGS. 2C, 2D, 3C, 3D, and 12-14.

Optical Signal Cables

Optical signal cables 502 a and 502 b include input and output lines 503including one or more optical fibers configured to carry digital opticalsignals. Input and output lines 503 can include wires configured tocarry one or more power and return lines. Optical signal cables 502 aand 502 b can include shielding elements to reduce electromagneticinterference. For example, optical signal cables 502 a and 502 b caninclude foil shielding including a thin layer of aluminum attached to apolyester carrier as well as insulation to protect against mechanicalstress and substantially prevent electromagnetic interference. Asanother example, optical signal cables 502 a and 502 b can include braidshielding including a woven mesh of bare or tinned copper wires. Asanother example, optical signal cables 502 a and 502 b can include bothfoil and braid shielding. Optical signal cables 502 a and 502 b caninclude insulation to provide, for example, mechanical durability,thermal stability, electrical insulation, or any combination of these.

Input and output lines 503 can include one or more optical fibers. Theone or more optical fibers can be configured to carry optical digitalsignals along the optical signal cables 502 a and 502 b. Input andoutput lines 503 can include wires configured to carry power and returnvoltages and currents. Input and output lines 503 can include wiresconfigured to carry redundant power and return voltages and currents.

Optical Digital Signal Bridges

Optical signal cables 502 a and 502 b can include complementary opticaldigital signal bridges 500 a and 500 b at corresponding proximal and/ordistal ends. The optical digital signal bridges 500 a and 500 b can becoupled to the optical signal cables 502 a and 502 b respectively usingany suitable coupling element, such as, for example, adhesives, clamps,retaining members, crimping members, solder, or any combination ofthese. Optical digital signal bridges 500 a and 500 b can includecomplementary electrical connector elements 504 configured to transmitpower and return voltage and current between optical signal cables 502 aand 502 b. In some embodiments, optical digital signal bridges 500 a and500 b can include alignment mechanisms 506. The optical digital signalbridges 500 a and 500 b can include one or more non-contact opticalsignal connectors 512 including lens elements 508, transparent windows509, and input/output signal gaps 510. In some embodiments, opticaldigital signal bridges 500 a and 500 b do not include mating connectorpins 504, particularly in embodiments where optical signal cables 502 aand 502 b do not include power and return wires. In some embodiments,optical digital signal bridges 500 a and 500 b do not include alignmentmechanisms 506, particularly in embodiments where optical digital signalbridges 500 a and 500 b include mating connector pins 504 which can beconfigured to align optical digital signal bridges 500 a and 500 b. Insome embodiments, optical digital signal bridges 500 a and 500 b can bea part of a headgear system, mount interface, and the like such that thecables 502 a and 502 b terminate at these structures so as to beintegral to the associated structure or device.

Alignment mechanisms 506 can be configured to substantially align theone or more non-contact optical connectors 512. The alignment mechanisms506 can include physical elements configured to substantially secure thenon-contact connector assemblies 500 a and 500 b such that thenon-contact optical connectors 512 are substantially aligned. Thealignment mechanisms 506 can accomplish the substantial alignmentutilizing any suitable technique such as, for example, mating physicalelements such as one or more cones or pegs to one or more cone or pegreceptacle elements, or locking mechanisms associated with a structureof which it is an integral part. Alignment mechanisms 506 can includelocking elements to substantially secure the non-contact connectorassemblies 500 a and 500 b in contact with one another. Alignmentmechanisms 506 can include mating elements that exert frictional forceson such that the non-contact connector assemblies 500 a and 500 b remainsubstantially aligned. The optical digital signal bridges 500 a and 500b can be considered to be substantially aligned when the optical signaltraverses the non-contact optical connectors 512 without substantialdegradation in signal quality such that there is no significant loss ofinformation across the connectors 512.

Non-Contact Optical Connectors

The optical digital signal bridges 500 a and 500 b include one or morenon-contact optical connectors 512 configured to transmit opticalsignals across a gap without mating or interlocking components. Anon-contact optical connector 512 includes lens elements 508,transparent windows 509, and an input/output signal gap 510. An opticalsignal emerging from an optical fiber encounters a lens element 508configured to substantially collimate the optical signal. The collimatedoptical signal passes through a signal gap 510 and encounters a lenselement 508 configured to substantially focus the optical signal andcouple it to an optical fiber. Coupling the optical signal to the lenselements 508 can be accomplished through any suitable optical element orcombination of elements, such as, for example, physical proximity,optical gels, adhesives, prisms, diffraction gratings, waveguides,mirrors, or any combination of these. In some embodiments, the signalgap 510 includes one or more transparent windows 509 having a planarexterior surface. The exterior surface can be the surface that isadjacent to or abuts with a complementary non-contact optical connector.

The one or more input/output signal gaps 510 can be about 1 mm betweencorresponding lens elements 508. In some embodiments, the signal gaps510 can be about 2 mm long, between about 1 mm and 2 mm long, betweenabout 0.5 mm and 3 mm long, less than or equal to about 0.5 mm long, orgreater than or equal to 3 mm long.

The lens elements 508 can include any suitable material such as, forexample, diamond, sapphire, glass, polymer/acrylic, polycarbonate,similar materials, or any combination of these. Materials such asdiamond or sapphire may be advantageous because of their durability(e.g., their resistance to scratches or abrasions), optical quality, andcost-effective characteristics given the small size desired (e.g., smallsize requirements make it so that the difference in cost of thesematerials is acceptable given the other qualities they possess).

The combination of signal gap 510 and/or transparent windows 509 andlens elements 508 can be configured to facilitate maintenance of theoptical connection between optical cables 502 a and 502 b. The lenselements 508 or transparent elements (illustrated in Appendix A) can beprotected due at least in part to the transparent windows 509. In someembodiments, the transparent windows 509 form an exterior surface thatis substantially co-planar with the connector with which it isassociated. Thus, the transparent windows 509 can be easily cleaned bywiping or otherwise clearing debris or other contaminants from theplanar surface of the transparent window 509, thereby keeping theoptical connection intact. The lens elements 508 and/or transparentwindows 509 can also be treated with coatings designed to increase theirresistance to abrasions, scratches, condensation, signal loss, and thelike. The output power of the optical signal can also be tuned tocompensate for possible signal loss across the non-contact opticalconnectors 512. Because the signal is digital and not analog, asubstantial loss of intensity of the optical signal across thenon-contact optical connectors 512 may not necessarily result in asignificant loss of information. Thus, the non-contact opticalconnection is robust and facilitates the maintenance of a signal acrossthe system.

Example Communication System Interlink

FIG. 6A illustrates a block diagram representing an exampleintrapersonal data communication system from a visualization system to adata processing system. FIG. 6B illustrates a block diagram representingan example duplex/bi-directional intrapersonal data communication systembetween a visualization system and a data processing system. Within avisualization system, video processing electricals 602 produce anelectrical digital signal which can be transmitted to a fiber optictransmitter 604. The fiber optic transmitter 604 can convert theelectrical digital signal to an optical digital signal utilizing aradiation source 606 such as, for example, a VCSEL. The optical digitalsignal can be coupled to an optical fiber 610 through a suitable opticalcomponent 608, such as a lens. The optical fiber carries the opticaldigital signal until it reaches the mounting hardware securing thevisualization system to the headgear system. The optical signal can betransmitted from the visualization system to the optical fiber 610within the mounting hardware through a non-contact optical connector618. Non-contact optical connector 618 includes a plurality of opticalcomponents 608 with a gap of air or other fluid between them. Similarnon-contact optical connections can occur between the mounting hardwareand the headgear system, and the headgear system and the data processingsystem. The optical digital signal can be coupled to a photodetector612, such as a photodiode. The photodetector 612 can convert the opticalsignal into an electrical signal, which is translated into acorresponding electrical digital signal in a fiber optic receiver 614.The electrical digital signal can be communicated to the videoprocessing electricals 616 housed by the data processing system.

In some embodiments, the fiber optic transmitter 604 and the radiationsource 606 can be external to the visualization system and can belocated, for example, in an adapter or signal converter, or in themounting hardware, or in the headgear system. In some embodiments, thephotodetector 612 and fiber optic receiver 614 are external to the dataprocessing system and can be located, for example, in an adapter orsignal converter, or in the mounting hardware, or in the headgearsystem.

In some embodiments, the video processing electricals include one ormore hardware processors, memory, and/or other such components forprocessing video or image information, processing location information,displaying video or images, displaying images and textual information,displaying video and textual information with graphical overlays, or thelike. For example, the video processing electricals of the visualizationsystem can be capable of displaying a video feed of real time thermalinformation with objects of interest distinguished using a graphicaloverlay provided by the data processing system and textual informationcommunicated from the data processing system. In another example, thevideo processing electricals of the visualization system can beconfigured to display real-time video corresponding to animage-intensified view, combined image intensified and thermal, or othercombined/fused multi-sensor view of a scene with a portion of that videobeing overlaid with other alphanumeric or icon data, or a map with thelocation of persons or objects of interest being indicated on said mapas provided by the data processing system. In another example, thevisualization system can be configured to display a real-time video feedof a telescopic view of a scene with textual information relating todistances to objects of interest as provided by the data processingsystem overlaid on the video feed. The visualization system and dataprocessing system can be configured to display other such information tothe user and the capabilities of the system are not limited orcompletely described by the examples provided above.

Power and Bandwidth

The communication represented by the block diagrams in FIGS. 6A and 6Bcan be accomplished consuming less than or equal to about 500 mW ofelectrical power at real-time video data rates, and can be lower inother operational situations. In some embodiments, real-time video datarates can be sustained consuming less than or equal to about 200 mW,less than or equal to about 100 mW, or less than or equal to about 50mW. The power can be provided by a power source within the dataprocessing system, or the visualization system, or by an external powersource.

The bandwidth between the visualization system and the data processingsystem can be less than or equal to about 10 Gbps enabling real-time(i.e., no or low-latency) high-resolution video processing. In somesituations the bandwidth can be reduced to a few kbps in modes wheresystem synchronization or sensor status information is being provided tothe data processor rather than real-time video from the visualizationsystem. The bandwidth can be tuned to consume lower power by selectivevideo window sampling, reduced data update rate, very low latency JPEGcompression of video, or other techniques to reduce power consumption ofthe fiber optic transmitter and receiver components 604 and 614,respectively, as well as reducing data processor power draw, while stillmeeting operational needs of the user. In some embodiments, less than orequal to about 50 mW of electrical power to the communication system canenable the system to provide less than or equal to about 2 Gbps ofbandwidth. For example, the HXT4101A-DNT fiber optic transmitterprovided by GigOptix, Inc. is capable of 14 Gbps communication, but willprovide about 2 Gbps when supplied with about 50 mW of electrical power.In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to move to operational modesthat lower the bandwidth requirement of the system to reduce powerbecause lower power enables the overall system to operate for longerperiods of time on battery power. Reducing the power provided to thesystem may reduce the available bandwidth to the communication systembut still may be sufficient for the communication needs of the system.For example, in embodiments where between about 20 mW and 30 mW isprovided to the communication system, about 1 Gb/s to 2 Gb/s throughputcan be achieved which can be sufficient for real time processing anddisplay of information and selectively windowed video plus other datasources.

The power delivered to the communication system can be adjusted toaccount for signal strength across the communication system. Opticalsignal strength can be affected by loss of signal across non-contactoptical connectors. In some embodiments, the power supplied to thecommunication system can be adjusted to account for signal strength. Forexample, if information is lost over the communication system, power tothe fiber optic transmitter, the fiber optic receiver, or both can beincreased such that the amount of information lost over thecommunication path due to signal loss is reduced to acceptable levels.In another example, if the loss of information is already belowacceptable levels the power provided to the fiber optic transmitter, thefiber optic receiver, or both can be reduced until the loss ofinformation is approximately at or below acceptable levels. In someembodiments, the data processing system, the visualization system, orboth are configured to determine the amount of information loss over thecommunication system. The power output to the communication system canbe altered according to the analysis provided by the visualizationsystem, the data processing system, or both. In some embodiments, theamount of power provided to the communication system is determined bythe user. In some embodiments, the amount of power provided to thecommunication system is determined by an external parameter or input.

The power delivered to the communication system can be adjustedaccording to power management parameters. For example, the communicationsystem can be commanded to enter a low power consumption mode wherebythe amount of power consumed by the system is reduced. The communicationsystem can be commanded to enter a high power consumption mode wherebythe amount of power is increased. The communication system can becommanded to enter into a specific mode whereby the power consumed iswithin a defined range. The command to enter a power consumption modecan be made by a user, an external communication command delivered tothe communication system, as a result of conditions being met within thesystem, or any combination of these.

The power delivered to the communication system can be adjustedaccording to bandwidth parameters. In some embodiments, the availablebandwidth across the intrapersonal data communication system correspondsto the power delivered to the system. The power can be adjusted toaccount for differing bandwidth desires. For example, during instanceswhere the quantity of information to be passed over the communicationlink exceeds a threshold, the power provided to the system may beincreased. Similarly, in instances where the quantity of information tobe passed does not exceed a threshold, the power provided to the systemmay be reduced. In some embodiments, the power provided to the systemmay be scaled according to a desired bandwidth. The desired bandwidthmay be input by the user, may be determined by a program internal to thecommunication system, may be set by a command from an externalcommunication, or any combination of these.

Example Intrapersonal Data Communication Methods

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart of an example method 700 of transmittinginformation from a visualization system to a data processing system. Themethod 700 includes receiving information from a visualization system asstated in operational block 702. Information from the visualizationsystem can include information such as, for example, thermal imageinformation, a thermal video feed, image intensified information,telescopic visual information, visualization system line of sightpointing information, system status information, simulated visualinformation, video information from a camera, or any combination ofthese.

Information provided by the visualization system is encoded into anelectrical digital signal in operational block 704. The step of encodingthe information can include processes such as, for example, convertinganalog information into digital information, compressing digitalinformation such as video or image data, encapsulating informationwithin appropriate digital packets, modifying digital information toconform to a specific I/O protocol, multiplexing multiple digitalsignals into a single digital signal, or any combination of these.

Operational block 706 indicates that the electrical digital informationcan be converted into an optical digital signal. Converting anelectrical digital signal can include processes such as, for example,producing an intensity of radiation in proportion to the input currentor voltage of the electrical signal; producing a first intensity ofradiation when the input electrical signal exceeds a threshold, and asecond intensity of radiation when it does not; converting multipleelectrical digital signals into multiple optical signals andmultiplexing the optical signals using a technique such as wavelengthdivision multiplexing; or any combination of these. The conversion ofelectrical digital information to optical digital information can beperformed within the visualization or data processing systems asdescribed herein in relation to FIGS. 4B and 4C, or some embodiments asdescribed herein in relation to FIGS. 6A and 6B, or within a componentsuch as an adapter or signal converter as described herein in relationto FIGS. 4A and 6A.

Optical digital information can be coupled to an optical digital signallink in operational block 708. Coupling the optical signal to theoptical digital signal link can be accomplished through any appropriateoptical element, such as, for example, physically contacting an opticalfiber to the radiation source, utilizing one or more lenses to focus theoptical signal into an optical fiber or waveguide, utilizing an opticalgel or similar substance to optically couple the radiation source to thewaveguide or optical fiber, or any combination of these. Coupling theradiation source to a waveguide or optical fiber can be accomplishedusing a non-contact optical connection such as those described herein inrelation to FIG. 4A, 4B, 4C or 5.

The optical signal can be transmitted over an optical digital signallink in operational block 710. Transmission across an optical digitalsignal link can include transmitting the optical signal across one ormore optical digital signal bridges having non-contact opticalconnectors. In some embodiments, one or more optical digital signalbridges can be traversed between a visualization system and a dataprocessing system. The optical digital signal bridges can be similar tothose described herein with reference to FIG. 4A, 4B, 4C or 5.

Operational block 712 indicates that the optical signal can be coupledto a signal converter or optical digital signal adapter. The signalconverter can be configured to convert an optical digital signal into anelectrical digital signal. The signal converter can be a separatecomponent, as described herein in relation to FIG. 4A, or can beintegral to a visualization system or data processing system, asdescribed herein in relation to FIGS. 4B and 4C. The signal convertercan include a fiber optic receiver and associated electricals. Couplingthe optical signal to the signal converter can be accomplished by anyappropriate technique, such as those described herein.

The optical signal can be converted into an electrical digital signal inoperational block 714. Converting an optical digital signal into anelectrical digital signal can include processes such as, for example,detecting a quantity of radiation from an optical fiber or waveguide andproducing an electrical voltage or current in proportion to the quantityof radiation, producing one electrical voltage or current if thedetected radiation exceeds a threshold and a second electrical voltageor current if it does not, demultiplexing a multiplexed optical signal,or any combination of these. The optical digital signal can then betransmitted across an optical signal cable.

The electrical digital signal can be decoded in operational block 716.Decoding the electrical signal can include processes such as, forexample, demultiplexing the electrical digital signal, convertingdigital information into analog information, decompressing digitalinformation such as video or image data, compressing digitalinformation, interpreting encapsulated information within digitalpackets, modifying digital information to conform to a specific I/Oprotocol, or any combination of these.

Information can be processed by a data processing system in operationalblock 718. Processing information from the visualization system caninclude, for example, locating objects of interest within image or videoinformation, calculating temperatures ranges within an infrared image orvideo feed, visually enhancing the imagery for redisplay to the user ortransmission, processing video and other data from the visualizationsystem with data from other external sensors to determine respectivepointing positions, analyzing the information for distances to objectsor persons, calculating the position and orientation of thevisualization system, or any combination of these. The data processingsystem can include one or more hardware processors and memory. The dataprocessing system can include a power source. The data processing systemcan be configured to process information from, for example, one or morevisualization systems, external communications systems, external videosensors, external system line of sight sensor data, GPS systems,external system synchronization signals, environmental information fromsensors, user input, user commands, or any combination of these.

Example Intrapersonal Data Communication System Components

FIG. 8 illustrates mounting hardware 800 configured to secure avisualization system to a headgear system according to some embodiments.For example, the mounting hardware 800 can connect a thermal imaginggoggle or multi-sensor imaging goggle to a helmet, a night-vision camerato a hat, and so forth. The mounting hardware includes a non-contactoptical connector 802, optical digital signal links 804 a and 804 b, anoptical digital signal bridge 806, and a connector interface 808.

The non-contact optical connection 802 can be configured to transmit anoptical digital signal from optical digital signal link 804 a to opticaldigital signal link 804 b. In some embodiments, the non-contact opticalconnection 802 connects at least one power and one return line betweenoptical digital signal links 804 a and 804 b. The non-contact opticalconnector 802 can be similar to those connectors described herein withreference to FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 5.

Optical digital signal bridge 806 can be configured to transmit anoptical digital signal from a visualization system to cable 804 a. Theoptical digital signal bridge 806 can be configured to mate with themounting hardware 800 or can be an integral part of the mountinghardware 800. The optical digital signal bridge 806 can be attached tothe mounting hardware 800 by any appropriate connector such as, forexample, adhesion, magnets, screws, bolts, rivets, or any combination ofthese. In some embodiments, the optical digital signal bridge 806 isinstead an optical digital signal adapter where the visualization systemis configured to send and receive electrical digital signals.

The connector interface 808 can be configured to releasably couple withthe corresponding connector on the visualization system. The connectorinterface 808 can be integrally formed with the mounting hardware 800 orcan be a separate component. The connector interface can be attached tothe mounting hardware 800 by any appropriate technique, such as one ormore of those described herein.

Example Intrapersonal Data Communication System in a Headgear System

FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of an example intrapersonal datacommunication system 900 mounted on a helmet 910 with a visualizationsystem 906 and a data processing system 908. The system 900 can includea mounting bracket 912, optical digital signal link 904, and opticaldigital signal bridges or adapters 902 a, 902 b, and 902 c. Thevisualization system 906 can include a thermal imaging camera,ultraviolet (UV) camera, visible band camera, near infrared (NIR)camera, short wave infrared (SWIR) camera, display, image intensifiertube based sensor mounted to the headgear system or incorporated in agoggle for use during the day or at night, EBAPS, telescopic goggle, orthe like. The data processing system 908 can include items such as, forexample, a battery pack, a data/image computation module, externalsensor interfaces, external communication system, or any combination ofthese.

The optical digital signal bridge 902 a connects a segment of theoptical digital signal link 904 in the mount bracket 912 to a segment ofthe optical digital signal link 904 in the helmet 910. The opticaldigital signal bridge or adapter 902 b connects the segment of theoptical digital signal link 904 in the mount bracket 912 to thevisualization system 906.

The optical digital signal bridge or adapter 902 c connects the segmentof the optical digital signal link 904 in the helmet 910 to the dataprocessing system 908. The optical digital signal bridges or adapters902 a-c can include one or more optical fibers. The optical digitalsignal bridges or adapters 902 a-c can include one or more power andreturn lines. The optical digital signal link 904 can be located betweenthe exterior shell of the helmet 910 and the user's skull, between theexterior shell and inner padding of the helmet 910, it can be locatedalong a periphery of the helmet 910, or along an exterior of the helmet910.

Example Method of Manufacturing an Intrapersonal Data CommunicationSystem

FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart of an example method 1000 of preparinga headgear system for being fitted with an intrapersonal datacommunication system that includes an EMI-resistant optical signalcable. A headgear system is provided in operational block 1002. Aheadgear system can include items such as, for example, a helmet, cap,eyewear system with ear stems with resilient member, hat, head band, orany combination of these. The headgear system is modified in operationalblock 1004. Modifying the headgear system can include processes such as,for example, clipping on retainer members for supporting an cable:forming a route from the visualization system to the data processingsystem for the cable; creating a hole in the headgear system for thecable to pass through; mounting a clip or bracket onto the headgearsystem for the visualization system, the data processing system, orboth; or any combination of these. Operational block 1006 includesputting the interference-resistant cable in the headgear system. Thisstep can include processes such as, for example, pushing the cable intoa narrow cavity where the cable can be secured in place by a frictionfit retainer; placing the cable into clipping members; using adhesivesto secure the cable to the interior of the headgear system; passing thecable through a tube integrated into the headgear system during the stepin operational block 1004; pulling the cable through a hole created inthe headgear system; or any combination of these.

Example Intrapersonal Data Communication System Including an ExternalVisualization System

FIG. 11 is a representation of some embodiments of an intrapersonal datacommunication system including a visualization system 1106 external tothe headgear system 1100. A first visualization system 1102 can beprovided that can be configured to communicate with a data processingsystem 1104 via an optical digital signal link 1108 a according to thedescriptions set forth herein. A second visualization system 1106 can beconfigured to communicate with the data processing system 1104 via anoptical digital signal link 1108 b according to the descriptions setforth herein. Optical digital signal bridges or adapters can beconfigured to connect the optical digital signals between the componentsas described herein. In some embodiments, the second visualizationsystem 1106 can be connected to the data processing system by a suitableshort-range, low-power, and/or high-bandwidth wireless link.

The second visualization system 1106 can include items such as, forexample, a firearm, thermal imaging sight, CMOS video sight,multi-imaging sensor weapon sight, digital magnetic compass, laserpointer, rangefinder, GPS, synchronization signal generation,flashlight, command from user controls, a wireless communication system,or any combination of these. The second visualization system 1106 can beexternal to the headgear system. Information from the secondvisualization system 1106 can be combined with information from the dataprocessing system 1104, first visualization system 1102, and dataprocessing system derived video images; and the combined data can berelayed to the first visualization system 1102 to display to the user.In some embodiments, the information from the second visualizationsystem 1106 can include information such as, for example, position andorientation of the visualization system line of sight (LOS), angularrates of the LOS, system synchronization signals, system operationalstate and environmental data, ballistics related data, or anycombination of these.

Example Helmet Mount with Non-Contact Optical Connectors

FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of ahelmet mount 1204 incorporating optical and electrical connectors 1210on a helmet 1202. The helmet mount 1204 can be secured to the helmetusing a hook system 1206 and a strap 1208 which pulls the helmet mount1204 so that the hook system 1206 applies a force on the helmet 1202which substantially secures the helmet mount 1204 in place on the helmet1202. The helmet mount can include features 1220 configured to mate to acorresponding mount for a visualization system (not shown), such as anight vision goggle, such that the mount for the visualization systemcan be secured to the helmet 1202 through the interface of the features1220 on the helmet mount 1204 and features on the visualization systemmount.

The helmet mount 1204 includes optical and electrical connectors 1210configured to mate to corresponding optical and electrical connectors onthe visualization system mount. When the visualization system is mountedto the helmet 1202 using the helmet mount 1204, the visualization systemcan send and/or receive optical digital signals through the opticalconnectors 1211 and 1212 that couple the optical signals to a fiberoptic link that connects devices on an intrapersonal data communicationsystem (not shown) on the helmet 1202. Furthermore, the visualizationsystem can send and/or receive electrical power and/or electricalsignals through the electrical connectors 1213, 1214, 1215, and 1216that electrically couple the visualization system to electrical lines onthe intrapersonal data communication system on the helmet 1202.

FIG. 13 illustrates the example helmet mount 1204 from FIG. 12 to showthe optical and electrical connectors 1210. The optical connectors 1211and 1212 can be non-contact optical connectors, as described herein. Forexample, the optical connectors 1211 and 1212 can include a lens systemconfigured to collimate (or focus) optical signals exiting (or entering)an optical fiber and a transparent window configured to provide asurface that protects the fiber optic and lens system and is compatiblewith a corresponding surface on a non-contact optical connector on thevisualization system mount. The electrical connectors 1213-1216 can beany suitable electrical connector configured to transmit electricalpower and/or electrical signals. For example, the electrical connectors1213-1216 can comprise a spring-mounted plunger that electricallycouples to a conductive surface on the visualization system mount.

FIG. 14 illustrates the optical and electrical connectors 1210 from theexample helmet mount 1204 in FIG. 12. A fiber optic cable 1218 is alsoillustrated to show an example of routing an optical signal from thenon-contact optical connector 1211 through the helmet mount 1204. Thefiber optic cable 1218 can be part of the intrapersonal datacommunication system that connects one or more local devices on thehelmet 1202. Similarly, another fiber optic cable (not shown) canconnect the non-contact optical connector 1212 to the intrapersonal datacommunication system. Furthermore, the electrical connectors 1213-1216can be coupled to electrical lines, such as wires, that connect to otherlocal devices and/or to the intrapersonal data communication system.

Example Embodiments

The following is a numbered list of example embodiments that are withinthe scope of this disclosure. The example embodiments that are listedshould in no way be interpreted as limiting the scope of theembodiments. Various features of the example embodiments that are listedcan be removed, added, or combined to form additional embodiments, whichare part of this disclosure:

1. An intrapersonal data communication system for providing an opticaldigital signal link between two or more local devices, the systemcomprising:

-   -   a first optical digital signal adapter having a first local        device electrical data interface and a first optical data        interface, wherein the first local device electrical data        interface is configured to electrically connect to a first        electrical data connector of a first local device, wherein the        first optical data interface comprises a first optical        transceiver configured to send and receive optical digital        signals, and wherein the first optical digital signal adapter is        configured to convert between electrical digital signals and        optical digital signals;    -   a non-contact optical connector configured to couple optical        digital signals between the first optical data interface of the        first optical digital signal adapter and a first end of the        optical digital signal link across a gap;    -   a second optical digital signal adapter having a second local        device electrical data interface and a second optical data        interface, wherein the second local device electrical data        interface is configured to electrically connect to a second        electrical data connector of a second local device, wherein the        second optical data interface comprises a second optical        transceiver configured to send and receive optical digital        signals, and wherein the second optical digital signal adapter        is configured to convert between electrical digital signals and        optical digital signals; and    -   a guide path configured to direct the optical digital signal        link between the non-contact optical connector and the second        optical data interface.

2. The system of embodiment 1, wherein the guide path is configured todirect the optical digital signal link entirely within a region near abody of a user of the intrapersonal communication system.

3. The system of embodiment 2, wherein the first local device comprisesa visualization system configured to display information to the user.

4. The system of embodiment 2, wherein the first local device comprisesa visualization system configured to generate information and display itto the user.

5. The system of embodiment 3, wherein the visualization systemcomprises an image sensor.

6. The system of embodiment 5, wherein the image sensor is configured toconvert radiation within at least one of the ultraviolet, visible, nearinfrared, and short-wave infrared bands to electrical signals.

7. The system of embodiment 5, wherein the image sensor is configured toconvert radiation having a wavelength between about 0.3 and 1.7 micronsto electrical signals.

8. The system of embodiment 5, wherein the image sensor comprises athermal imaging sensor.

9. The system of embodiment 5, wherein the image sensor comprises amulti-imaging sensor.

10. The system of embodiment 3, wherein the visualization systemcomprises a night-vision goggle.

11. The system of embodiment 10, wherein the night-vision gogglecomprises an image intensifier tube.

12. The system of embodiment 10, wherein the night-vision gogglecomprises an EBAPS.

13. The system of embodiment 5, wherein the second local devicecomprises a data processing system configured to analyze data obtainedby the image sensor of the visualization system.

14. The system of embodiment 5, wherein the second local devicecomprises a data processing system configured to analyze datacommunicated to the data processing system from external sources.

15. The system of embodiment 1, wherein the second local devicecomprises a battery configured to provide electrical power to theintrapersonal communication system.

16. The system of embodiment 15, wherein the battery is configured toprovide electrical power to the first local device.

17. The system of embodiment 1, further comprising a second non-contactoptical connector configured to couple optical digital signals betweenthe second optical data interface of the second optical digital signaladapter and a second end of the optical digital signal link across asecond gap, wherein the second end of the optical digital signal link isopposite the first end.

18. The system of embodiment 1, further comprising a controllerconfigured to direct electrical power to the first optical transceiver.

19. The system of embodiment 18, wherein the controller is configured todirect less than or equal to about 50 mW of electrical power to thefirst optical transceiver.

20. The system of embodiment 18, wherein the controller is configured todirect less than or equal to about 25 mW of electrical power to thefirst optical transceiver.

21. The system of embodiment 1, wherein the first optical transceiver isconfigured to operate at a transmission rate that is less than or equalto about 10 Gbps.

22. The system of embodiment 1, wherein the optical digital signal linkcomprises:

-   -   a radiation shield comprising an elongate tube having a metallic        material layer;    -   one or more optical fibers disposed within the elongate tube        with axes substantially parallel to an elongate axis of the        shielding member; and    -   one or more insulated wires disposed within the elongate tube        with axes substantially parallel to the elongate axis of the        shielding member configured to transmit an electrical signal.

23. The system of embodiment 1, wherein the guide path is at leastpartially disposed within a helmet configured to be worn on a humanhead, the helmet comprising an inner padding connected to an exteriorshell.

24. The system of embodiment 23, wherein the exterior shell comprisesreinforced fibers.

25. The system of embodiment 24, wherein the reinforced fibers arearamid synthetic fibers selected from the group consisting of Kevlar®and Twaron®.

26. The system of embodiment 23, wherein the inner padding compriseshigh density foam.

27. The system of embodiment 26, wherein the high density foam isselected from the group consisting of expanded polystyrene, high densitypolyethylene, expanded polypropylene, and vinyl nitril.

28. The system of embodiment 1, wherein the guide path comprisesretaining members configured to substantially secure the optical digitalsignal link to a piece of headgear.

29. The system of embodiment 1, wherein the guide path comprises anelongate tube configured to permit the optical digital signal link tofit within the elongate tube.

30. The system of embodiment 23, wherein the guide path comprises a pathbetween an interior portion of the exterior shell and a portion of theinner padding adjacent to the interior portion of the exterior shell.

31. The system of embodiment 3, wherein the first optical digital signaladapter is disposed within a housing separate from the visualizationsystem.

32. The system of embodiment 13, wherein the second optical digitalsignal adapter is disposed within a housing separate from the dataprocessing system.

33. The system of embodiment 1, wherein:

-   -   the first optical digital signal adapter further comprises a        visualization receiver, the visualization receiver configured to        produce an output electrical voltage or current corresponding to        an input level of radiation;    -   the first optical digital signal adapter is further configured        to convert a processing output optical digital signal to a        visualization input electrical digital signal.

34. The system of embodiment 1, wherein the optical digital signal linkis less than or equal to 1 m in length.

35. The system of embodiment 1, wherein the optical digital signal linkis less than or equal to 30 cm in length.

36. The system of embodiment 1, further comprising a mount interfaceconfigured to substantially secure the first local device to a headgearsystem.

37. The system of embodiment Error! Reference source not found., whereinthe mount interface is releasably attached to the headgear system withfasteners.

38. The system of embodiment 1, wherein the first optical transceivercomprises a transmitter and a receiver.

39. The system of embodiment 38, wherein the transmitter comprises avertical cavity surface emitting laser.

40. The system of embodiment 38, wherein the receiver comprises aphotodiode.

41. The system of embodiment 38, wherein the transmitter and thereceiver are spatially separated.

42. A connector having a system signal converter, the connectorcomprising:

-   -   a system surface of the connector configured to releasably mate        with a complementary connector on a local device,    -   a plurality of system connector pins disposed on the system        surface, the plurality of connector pins comprising:        -   a system power connector pin configured to transmit an            electrical voltage,        -   a system return connector pin configured to transmit an            electrical voltage, and        -   a digital signal output pin configured to transmit a system            output electrical digital signal;    -   a system signal converter disposed within the connector, the        system signal converter comprising:        -   a radiation source electrically coupled to a controller, the            controller configured to control an output level of            radiation from the radiation source corresponding to a            transmitter input signal;    -   a link surface of the connector configured to releasably mate        with a complementary connector on an optical digital signal        link;    -   a plurality of connector pins disposed on the link surface, the        plurality of connector pins comprising:        -   a link power connector pin electrically coupled with the            system power connector pin, the link power connector pin            configured to transmit an electrical voltage, and        -   a link return connector pin electrically coupled with the            system return connector pin, the link return connector pin            configured to transmit an electrical voltage; and    -   a collimator configured to substantially collimate the radiation        output, wherein the collimator is disposed within a cavity        having a depth of between about 0.25 mm and about 1 mm from the        link surface of the connector.

43. The connector of embodiment 42, wherein the plurality of connectorpins further comprise a second digital signal output pin configured totransmit a second system output electrical digital signal.

44. The connector of embodiment 43 further comprising a multiplexorconfigured to create an output multiplexed digital signal from thesystem output electrical digital signal and the second system outputelectrical digital signal, wherein the transmitter input signal is theoutput multiplexed digital signal.

45. The connector of embodiment 42, further comprising:

-   -   a lens configured to focus a link input optical digital signal        onto a fiber optic receiver, the fiber optic receiver configured        to produce a system input electrical digital signal, the fiber        optic receiver comprising:        -   a photodetector configured to produce an electrical current            corresponding to the link input optical digital signal,        -   a transimpedance amplifier configured to convert the            electrical current produced by the photodector to an            electrical voltage, and        -   a limiting amplifier configured to limit the electrical            voltage to a limiting range of voltages;    -   wherein the lens is disposed within a cavity extending between        about 0.25 mm and 1 mm from the link surface of the connector        towards the interior of the connector.

46. The connector of embodiment 45 further comprising a demultiplexorconfigured to create a first and second output demultiplexed digitalsignal from the system input electrical digital signal.

47. A optical digital signal bridge comprising:

-   -   a first portion of an optical digital signal cable, the optical        digital signal cable comprising:        -   an elongate tube comprising an insulating layer and a            radiation shield,        -   a power line configured to transmit an electrical voltage or            current, the power line disposed within the elongate tube,        -   a return line configured to transmit an electrical voltage            or current, the return line disposed within the elongate            tube, and        -   an optical fiber configured to transmit an optical digital            signal, the optical fiber disposed within the elongate tube;    -   a first surface of a first connector interface wherein the        proximal end of the first portion of the optical signal cable is        coupled to the first surface of the first connector interface;    -   a second surface of the first connector interface, the second        surface comprising:        -   a plurality of connector pins disposed on the second            surface, the plurality of connector pins comprising a power            connector pin and a return connector pin,        -   a cavity, and        -   a guide configured to align a second connector interface            with the first connector interface; and    -   a collimator configured to collimate radiation from the optical        fiber, the collimator being disposed within the cavity between        about 0.25 mm and 1 mm from the second surface;    -   wherein the power line is electrically coupled to the power        connector pin, the return line is electrically coupled to the        return connector pin, and the optical fiber is optically coupled        to the collimator.

48. The optical digital signal bridge of embodiment 47, wherein:

-   -   the optical digital signal cable further comprises:        -   a redundant power line configured to transmit an electrical            voltage or current, the redundant power line disposed within            the elongate tube,        -   a redundant return line configured to transmit an electrical            voltage or current, the redundant return line disposed            within the elongate tube, and        -   a second optical fiber configured to transmit a second            optical digital signal, the second optical fiber disposed            within the elongate tube;    -   the second surface further comprises a second cavity;    -   the plurality of connector pins further comprises a redundant        power connector pin and a redundant return connector pin;    -   the optical digital signal bridge further comprises a second        collimator for collimating radiation from the second optical        fiber, the second collimator being disposed within the second        cavity between about 0.25 mm and 1 mm from the second surface;        and    -   the redundant power line is electrically coupled to the        redundant power connector pin, the redundant return line is        electrically coupled to the redundant return connector pin, and        the second optical fiber is optically coupled to the second        collimator.

49. A method for transmitting information between two or more localdevices, the method comprising:

-   -   receiving information from a first local device;    -   encoding the information received from the first local device        into a first electrical digital signal;    -   converting the first electrical digital signal to a first        optical digital signal;    -   coupling the first optical digital signal to an optical digital        signal link;    -   transmitting the first optical digital signal over the optical        digital signal link;    -   coupling the first optical digital signal to a signal converter;    -   converting the first optical digital signal to a second        electrical digital signal wherein the second electrical digital        signal contains substantially the same information as the first        electrical digital signal;    -   decoding the second electrical digital signal; and    -   processing the decoded information from the first local device        in a second local device, wherein:        -   the transmission of the information between the first and            second local devices consumes less than or equal to about            500 mW of power from a power source, and        -   the rate of transmission of the information is less than or            equal to about 10 Gb/s.

50. The method of embodiment 49, further comprising relaying theinformation across a non-contact optical connector wherein thenon-contact optical connector comprises a collimator for collimating theoptical digital signal and a gap between the collimator and a surface ofthe non-contact optical connector.

51. The method of embodiment 49, wherein the information comprisesuncompressed video data.

52. The method of embodiment 49, wherein the information comprisescompressed video data.

53. The method of embodiment 49, wherein the information comprisesthermal data.

54. The method of embodiment 49, wherein the information comprisesmulti-imaging sensor video data.

55. A method for connecting an interference-resistant cable to aheadgear system, the method comprising:

-   -   providing a headgear system comprising a visualization system        and a data processing system;    -   modifying the headgear system such that a path is created        between the visualization system and the data processing system        for the interference-resistant cable; and    -   putting the interference-resistant cable in the headgear system        to create a communication link between the visualization system        and the data processing system.

56. The method of embodiment 55, wherein the interference-resistantcable comprises:

-   -   an elongate tube comprising a metallic layer and an insulation        layer, and    -   an optical fiber disposed within the elongate tube.

57. The method of embodiment 55, wherein the headgear system comprises ahelmet comprising an exterior shell connected to an inner padding.

58. The method of embodiment 55, wherein modifying the headgear systemcomprises creating a path from the visualization system to the dataprocessing system, the path being disposed between the exterior shelland the inner padding.

CONCLUSION

Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,”“might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically statedotherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, isgenerally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, whileother embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/orstates. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended toimply that features, elements and/or states are in any way required forone or more embodiments. As used herein, the terms “comprises,”“comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any othervariation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. Forexample, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a listof elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but mayinclude other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process,method, article, or apparatus. Also, the term “or” is used in itsinclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, forexample, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some,or all of the elements in the list. Conjunctive language such as thephrase “at least one of X, Y and Z,” unless specifically statedotherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in generalto convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X, Y or Z. Thus, suchconjunctive language is not generally intended to imply that certainembodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y and at leastone of Z each to be present.

Depending on the embodiment, certain acts, events, or functions of anyof the processes or algorithms described herein can be performed in adifferent sequence, may be added, merged, or left out altogether. Thus,in certain embodiments, not all described acts or events are necessaryfor the practice of the processes. Moreover, in certain embodiments,acts or events may be performed concurrently, e.g., throughmulti-threaded processing, interrupt processing, or via multipleprocessors or processor cores, rather than sequentially.

It should be appreciated that in the above description of embodiments,various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment,figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining thedisclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the variousinventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to beinterpreted as reflecting an intention that any claim require morefeatures than are expressly recited in that claim. Moreover, anycomponents, features, or steps illustrated and/or described in aparticular embodiment herein can be applied to or used with any otherembodiment(s). Thus, it is intended that the scope of the inventionsherein disclosed should not be limited by the particular embodimentsdescribed above, but should be determined only by a fair reading of theclaims that follow.

What is claimed is:
 1. A headgear system having aninterference-resistant optical digital signal link configured totransmit optical digital signals between two or more local devices, theheadgear system comprising: an exterior shell; a guide path adjacent tothe exterior shell, the guide path configured to direct the opticaldigital signal link between a first optical connector having anon-contact portion and a second optical connector having a non-contactportion; a first signal converter having a first local device electricaldata interface and a first optical data interface, wherein the firstlocal device electrical data interface is configured to electricallyconnect to a first electrical data connector of a first local device,and wherein the first signal converter is configured to convert betweenelectrical digital signals and optical digital signals; the firstoptical connector having a non-contact portion configured to coupleoptical digital signals between the first optical data interface of thefirst signal converter and a first end of the interference-resistantoptical digital signal link across a first gap; a second signalconverter having a second local device electrical data interface and asecond optical data interface, wherein the second local deviceelectrical data interface is configured to electrically connect to asecond electrical data connector of a second local device, and whereinthe second signal converter is configured to convert between electricaldigital signals and optical digital signals; and the second opticalconnector having a non-contact portion configured to couple opticaldigital signals between the second optical data interface of the secondsignal converter and a second end of the interference-resistant opticaldigital signal link across a second gap.